海底浅表层信息声探测技术研究现状及发展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.11.1210

回顾了我国海洋仪器研发的历史，综述并对比了多波束测深、侧扫声呐和浅层剖面仪等海底浅表层信息声呐探测技术的国内外研究现状:经过数十年的海洋技术研发，国内在设备研发、数据资料处理方法研究和探测数据资料应用研究等方面已取得了较丰硕的研究成果，但同时也发现在当前国内海洋技术研发中仍存在一些潜在的问题，与国外相关海洋技术尚存在一定差距。以维护海洋权益为目标的系列重大海洋基础勘测项目的启动和深海资源勘查及研究的纵深发展是近年海洋技术得以快速发展的源动力。声学底质分类、声学海底原位测试、动力地貌和构造地貌等是目前海底浅表层声探测信息资料应用于海底科学研究的热点。对海洋技术的可持续发展提出了几点建议：①提高理论研究水平；②加快仪器设备研制的国产化进程；③加强自主知识产权数据处理软件的研发；④进行探测数据资料的深层次利用研究。

关键词: 海底科学, 多波束测深, 浅层剖面仪, 侧扫声呐

The research and developing history of China's submarine instruments are reviewed. The present research status and tendency of sonar-techniques for submarine exploring, such as multi-beam sounding, sub-profiler sonar and side-scan sonar etc, are summarized and contrasted with the international status. Although many papers about the marine technique or theory are published and a lot of marine instruments are made in China in the last decades, there are still a great many urgent unfathomed issues about China's marine techniques. The current level of China's ocean techniques still lags behind the overseas ocean techniques. The main forces to impel China's ocean techniques developing quickly in recent years are that China's deep-sea resources researches are carried out deeply and quickly and a series of important survey projects to protect the ocean rights and interests have been brought into effect in China Sea. Since the late 1990s, a series of marine research projects under the “863” Program have been initiated, with lots of key instruments and softwares being developed serving China's survey projects. China's submarine techniques are developing quickly. Multi-beam sounding, sub-profiler sonar and side-scan sonar are convenient tools to explore the submarine quickly. They are based on similar detecting principles, but different acoustics information near submarine are obtained for different frequencies, and powers are used in these instruments. The datum about water depth, amplitude and backscatter are obtained with multi-beam sounding ,the reflecting profiles from underlain sediment layer just like single seismic profile are detected with sub-profiler sonar. The seafloor images are obtained with side-scan sonar. These data are the base to study many issues about submarine geosciences. Seabed acoustics classification techniques, submarine acoustics in-situ test, dynamic geomorphologic and morphology tectonic are several hot-topics of application research based on the data of sonar-detecting near submarine. In the end, several sustainable development ideas about China’s marine techniques are proposed: ①More articles about theory and technique of submarine techniques should be published to promote the research ability and level; ②More submarine detecting instruments and equipment should be invented and produced quickly in China to quicken the homemade progress; ③The data-processing software of submarine instruments should be built in China to enhance the copyright of our own; ④The data of sonar-detecting near seafloor should be studied and applied deeply to widen the realms of submarine geosciences.

Key words: Submarine science, Multi-beam sounding, Sub-bottom profiler, Side-scan sonar.

中图分类号:

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[1]	李铁刚,曹奇原,李安春,秦蕴珊. 从源到汇：大陆边缘的沉积作用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(5): 713-721.

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摘要

RESEARCH STATUS AND PROSPECT OF SONARDETECTING TECHNIQUES NEAR SUBMARINE