南半球对流层气候年代际变化及其与太阳活动的联系

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.07.0794

通过南半球对流层温度场谱分析和逐次滤波分析发现，南半球对流层大气温度场半个多世纪以来呈现明显的持续升温趋势，升温幅度由低层到高层逐步增加，其中地面层1 000 hPa年升温率为0.013℃/a，对流层中部500 hPa年升温率为0.019℃/ a，对流层上部300 hPa年升温率为0.036℃/ a；滤除南半球大气温度场的趋势变化，发现南半球大气温度场从地面层直至对流层顶广泛盛行着十分显著的与太阳磁场磁性22年周期变化相一致的变化周期。太阳磁场磁性周期变化趋势略有超前，分析认为，这是南半球对流层大气气候系统对太阳磁场周期性变化的响应。进一步分析还发现，南半球从地面层1 000 hPa到对流层顶，再到平流层中部10 hPa各层次大气温度变化22年周期分量振荡位相基本一致，周期振幅由低层到高层迅速增大，说明太阳磁场变化对对流层高层比低层影响大，对平流层影响更大。其中地面层1 000 hPa温度场的22年变化周期是在滤除趋势变化和11年周期之后才显现出来的，所以太阳磁场磁性周期变化对地面层气候的影响较小并且经常处于被掩盖状态；南半球地面层1 000 hPa温度场滤除趋势变化之后显示出十分显著的与太阳活动11年周期相一致的变化周期，分析认为，这是南半球对流层大气气候系统对太阳活动11周期性变化的响应。对流层上层300 hPa温度场滤除趋势变化和22年周期之后也显示出11年变化周期，而对流层中部500 hPa则无此周期反应，说明太阳活动11年周期对地面层1 000 hPa大气气候影响最明显，对流层中上层影响较弱。

关键词: 气候年代际变化, 太阳磁场22年周期, 太阳黑子11年周期

Through the spectral analyses of the temperature fields in troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere and gradually filtrating analyses, it is revealed that in the atmosphere temperature field in troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere there has been an obvious insistent rising tendency for more than 50 years. The amplitude of the temperature rising gradually increases from low layer to high layer. The yearly rate of temperature rising at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa is 013 ℃/a, in the middle part of the troposphere 500 hPa it is 0.019 ℃/a, at the upper part of the troposphere 300 hPa it is 0.036 ℃/a. After the trend variations of the atmosphere temperature field in the Southern Hemisphere are filtrated out, it is revealed that in the temperature field in Southern Hemisphere from the earth surface layer to the top of the troposphere, a very obvious periodic variation, which is in accord with the variation of the sun activity with a period of 22 years, prevails. The periodic variation of solar magnetic field leads in phase slightly. Based on analysis it is known that this is the response of the atmosphere climate system of the troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere to the periodic variations of the solar magnetic field. Further analysis also reveals that from the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa to the top of the troposphere, and then to the middle part of the stratosphere 10 hPa, the oscillation phases with a 22-year period component is basically the same. The periodic amplitudes rapidly increase from low layer to high layer. This indicates that the variation of the solar magnetic field has greater effect on the top layer than on the low layer of the troposphere, and on the stratosphere the effect is the greatest. Among them, the 22-year variation period of the temperature field at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa appears only after the trend variations and the 11-year period are filtrated out. Therefore, the effect of periodic variation of the solar magnetic field on the climate at the earth surface layer is comparatively small, and is often covered up. In the temperature field of the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere, after the trend variations are filtrated out, a very obvious periodic variation, which is in accord with the variation of the sun activity with a period of 22 years, appears. Based on analysis it is known that this is the response of the atmosphere climate system of the troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere to the 11-year periodic variations of the solar activity. In the temperature field of the upper layer 300 hPa of the troposphere, after the trend variations and the 22-year period are filtrated out, the 11-year variation period also appears. But for the middle part of the troposphere 500 hPa there is no such case. This tells us that the 11-year period of the solar activity has the greatest effect on the atmosphere climate at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa, and the effect at the middle and upper layers is weaker.

Key words: Decadal variations of climate, Solar magnetic field, Sunspot.

中图分类号:

P461+.1

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摘要

THE DECADAL VARIATIONS OF CLIMATE IN TROPOSPHERE OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE AND ITS RELATION WITH SOLAR ACTIVITIES