再论“田中线”和“滇西—滇东南生态地理（生物地理）对角线”的真实性和意义

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.06.0870

通过对一些代表性地区植物区系的比较研究，探讨了对云南热带-亚热带植物区系生物地理分布格局有作用的"田中线"和"滇西-滇东南生态地理（生物地理）对角线"的真实性和意义。选择了滇西北独龙江植物区系、滇西铜壁关植物区系和滇南西双版纳植物区系及滇东南植物区系，对它们的科、属、种的相似性及其植物区系特征进行了比较。在科、属水平上，4个植物区系彼此间相似性系数分别在93％和60％以上，显示其植物区系有密切的亲缘。其中，滇东南植物区系与独龙江植物区系在科、属水平上的相似性系数最大，分别达98．7％和78．6％，尽管这两个地区地理位置相距最远。植物区系特征的比较也显示滇东南植物区系与独龙江植物区系有较密切联系。这些结果支持了所谓滇西北-滇东南"植物地理对角线"的观点。在种水平上，西双版纳植物区系与铜壁关植物区系最接近，这与它们的地理位置较近和基带均为热带生境是相一致的。也对这些生物地理界线形成的地质历史背景作了讨论。

关键词: 植物区系, 生物地理界线, 云南

Based on comparative studies on four regional floras from northwest, west, south and southeast of Yunnan separately, the significances of two biogeographical lines:“Tanaka Line” and “Ecogeographical Diagonal line” both going from northwest to southeast of Yunnan, are discussed. At family and generic levels, similarity coefficients among the four comparative floras are more than 93% and 60% separately, which indicates the close floristic affinities among them. The highest similarity coefficient,i.e. 98.7% in family level and 78.6% in generic level respectively, is found between the regional flora from northwest Yunnan and the flora from southeast Yunnan although the two regions are far away from each other. The regional flora from northwest Yunnan is also the most similar to the regional flora from southeast Yunnan in floristic composition. These results support the idea of “Ecogeographical Diagonal line”. At specific level, the relatively high similarity coefficient is between the regional flora of west Yunnan and the one of south Yunnan. The floristic affinities among the regional floras and distribution patterns of some taxa could be explained by the geological history of Yunnan and the tectonic theory.

Key words: Floristic affinity, Yunnan., Biogeographical lines

中图分类号:

Q948.2

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摘要

NOTES ON THE REALITIES AND SIGNIFICANCES OF THE “TANAKA LINE” AND THE “ECOGEOGRAPHICAL DIAGONAL LINE” IN YUNNAN