云南的早期脊椎动物化石研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.06.0863

我国云南是世界上早期脊椎动物化石的重要产地，古生代中期的鱼类不仅门类齐全，而且大多出现时代早、地区性属种多，其中不少化石材料如今已成为探讨如脊椎动物起源、硬骨鱼类起源、四足动物起源等一系列生命史中重大课题的关键资料。主要对古生代中期云南早期脊椎动物化石的研究做一个系统、全面的回顾与总结，并在此基础上对未来有关研究的重点与方向进行了展望。在探索生物演化格局的同时，不仅要加强对演化机制、环境以及古地理背景的研究，而且更要强调多学科的交叉与融合，充分利用我国古生代中期丰富的鱼类化石资料，在早期脊椎动物系统演化、古地理与古气候等方面做出原创性的成果。

关键词: 早期脊椎动物, 志留纪-泥盆纪, 云南

    The occurrence of early vertebrate fossils (mainly Silurian and Devonian fishes) in Yunnan, southwestern China has been known for almost a century. But only during recent decades have these fishes received the detailed systematic studies and drawn much attention on account of their diversity and the relatively early geological horizons at which they occurred. 
    The Silurian vertebrate faunas are known from several localities in Qujing, eastern Yunnan, from sequences which are predominantly near-shore marine and range from the Wenlock to the pridoli in age. An arthrodirelike fish from the Yuejiadashan formation (Wenlock) of the Xundian County represents one of the earliest representatives of placoderms and might throw some lights on the origin and early evolution of placoderms. The early forms of antiarch placoderms are also known from this region. The microvertebrate fossils, in association with brachiopods, trilobites and conodonts, include thelodonts, acanthodians and bony fishes, and provide a taxonomic database for the biostratigraphic correlation. 
    The Devonian vertebrates are known from over twenty localities throughout Yunnan. On the paleogeographic setting, these fossil sites can be referred to two early vertebrate provinces: the South China Province in the east and the Sibumasu Province in the west. The Early Devonian fishes are mainly from the South China Province and show the strong endemism with galeaspid agnathans and yunnanolepid placoderms. The discoveries of Early Devonian Youngolepis, Diabolepis, Kenichthys, Psarolepis, Achoania, and Styloichthys highlight the importance of Yunnan as a source of early sarcopterygians, and suggest that South China may be the place of origin of the Sarcopterygii (tetrapods, coelacanths, lungfishes and related groups). They also provide the crucial evidences for the origin and early evolution of the Osteichthyes (bony fishes and their descendants). By the Emsian, the verterbrate faunas of Yunnan appear cosmopolitan as the diversity of the endemic groups such as galeaspids and yunnanolepids suddenly decreases. The detailed taxonomic descriptions of the Devonian vertebrates from Yunnan over the last forty years, lead to a major increase in the database of described early vertebrate fossils, which are biogeographically and biostratigraphically useful.

Key words: Early vertebrates, Silurian-Devonian, Yunnan province.

中图分类号:

Q915．86

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摘要

THE STUDY OF EARLY VERTEBRATES IN YUNNAN, CHINA