The atmospheric boundary layer processes and structural characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are significantly influenced by thermal and dynamic effects in the region. The existing observational data are insufficient to comprehensively reveal the complex formation, development, and evolutionary mechanisms of the TP boundary layer of the TP. Therefore, the use of numerical simulations to investigate these processes and explain their underlying mechanisms has become an effective approach. First, this study reviews the numerical models commonly used for atmospheric boundary layer simulations and the widely adopted parameterization schemes within these models. Second, we present recent research and findings in the field of numerical simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer of the TP, including studies on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the boundary layer height, simulations of the boundary layer structure and its influencing mechanisms in typical regions (such as areas with significant topography and lakes), comparative assessments of different boundary layer parameterization schemes in the region, and the impact of model resolution on the simulation outcomes. Finally, the paper concludes by addressing the persistent challenges in simulating PBL processes over the TP, particularly the biases in modeling PBL height and near-surface meteorological variables. It outlines potential strategies for advancing simulation accuracy, including improvements in boundary layer parameterization schemes, careful selection of model resolution, optimization of driving and verification data, and refinement of other physical parameterizations. These insights are intended to provide new directions for future research, with the aim of enhancing the simulation of PBL structure and processes over the TP.

Concerns about aviation emissions and climate change are shared internationally. The aviation industry plays a role in climate warming through its greenhouse gas and high-altitude particulate emissions. Conversely, climate warming alters flight conditions and increases extreme weather, impacts aviation operations and safety. The interaction creates a complex cycle of impacts, and research in this area is not only crucial for coordinating and adapting to climate changes in the aviation industry, but also holds scientific significance. An extensive literature review explores the relationship between aviation and climate warming, examining aviation’s CO₂ and non-CO₂ contributions to global warming and the phenomena and mechanisms by which climate warming in turn affects aviation (including changes in turbulence, flight time, aircraft performance degradation, and increased frequency of extreme events). The review also presents future research prospects. A deeper understanding of this interrelationship will help promote sustainable development of aviation and provide a scientific basis for addressing global climate challenges.

The Northwest region of China is a major battlefield and an important ecological and environmental security barrier to China’s western development. Flourishing the Belt and Road Initiative, climate change in this region has a direct impact on water resources, ecology, and environmental security. In the context of global climate change, Northwest China has shown an obvious and rapidly developing warming-wetting trend, which has resulted in increasingly prominent environmental and public security risks that are seriously affecting the sustainable development of the regional economy and society. This poses new challenges for climate change responses, water resource management, and disaster prevention and mitigation in this region. Research on the evolution characteristics, causes, and physical mechanisms of warming-wetting as well as its future trends and possible risks were reviewed. It further summarizes the current scientific consensus and existing problems, and finally looks forward to the key directions of future scientific research. A systematic review of the trend, causes, and future projection of climate warming-wetting in Northwest China will have important scientific implications for further research on this issue.