Abstract: The occurrence of fire events is closely related to climate change and vegetation changes. A
systematic study of the spatial and temporal evolutionary patterns of Holocene fire activities enables a clearer
comprehension of the association between fire activity mechanisms and regional climate and vegetation changes,
and contributes to the prediction of future fire evolutionary trends simultaneously. In order to comprehend the fire
evolution and potential driving factors in the surrounding areas of the Andaman Sea, charcoal analysis was
conducted on core ADM-C1 in the southern Andaman Sea to reconstruct its Holocene fire record. Additionally,
five other charcoal records were synthesized to reconstruct Holocene fire activities in the surrounding areas of the
Andaman Sea in this study. Although the nature of the changes of ignition, fire weather, and vegetation
composition varied from place to place, leading to regional and local variations in fire frequency, the changes of
fire event frequency around the Andaman Sea were widely synchronized under broader climate change during the
Holocene. The frequency of fire activity around the Andaman Sea during the Holocene was influenced by
regional variations in vegetation and precipitation, and ultimately by changes in the intensity of the Indian
Summer Monsoon. Compared to the last deglaciation, our findings indicate that during 12-9 ka BP period, there
was a decrease in the frequency of fire activities in the surrounding areas of the Andaman Sea, reflecting a
gradual increase in Indian Summer Monsoon precipitation and woody plant abundance within this region. During
9-5 ka BP period, regional fire activity was constrained by higher Indian summer monsoon precipitation and
woody plants. After 5 ka BP, an increase in regional fire activity primarily reflected a decrease in Indian Summer
Monsoon precipitation. Furthermore, our research suggests that changes in El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
intensity, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phase and the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) were
related to fire activity frequency around Andaman Sea during the Holocene.