The island arc model and the oceanic plateau model of mantle plume are two popular models for
the origin of crust. In contrast to the island arc model, the oceanic plateau model can well account for most of
features of the Archean crust but meets fundamental challenge in explaining the water-rich feature of the magma
source of the Archean crust. The recent water-induced mantle overturn model can well account for not only the
water-rich feature but also several puzzling phenomena in the Archean. The whole-mantle magma ocean (MO)
will separate into an outer MO and a basal MO because the crystalized mantles float at the middle mantle. The
water-induced mantle overturn model shows that with the crystallization, the basal MO becomes increasingly
enriched in water because the lower-mantle minerals can only contain very limited water. Since water reduces the
density of the basal MO. The basal MO will eventually become less dense than the overlying solid mantle and
become gravitationally unstable because of the enrichment of water. The triggered mantle overturns transport a
large amount of water to the shallow part of the Earth and result in large pulses of the crust and thick
subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) generations. Therefore, the Archean crust is the result of the evolution
of the basal MO. Once the mantle overturns run out of the basal MO, the Archean-type crust will no longer form.
Thus the water-induced mantle overturn model can well account for the global change at the end of the Archean.
Similarly, the water-induced mantle overturn model can also explain other puzzling phenomena. For example,
why are tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) and thick SCLM rare in Hadean, why does the source of
Archean basalts remain to be the primitive mantle from ca 4.0 to 2.5 Ga, and why does only Earth have
continental crust ?