Significant Increase in Human Activities Since 1850 According to Multiple Proxies of Sihailongwan Maar Lake Sediment
Received date: 2023-08-25
Revised date: 2023-10-31
Online published: 2024-01-26
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991250);Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42221003);The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB40000000)
Based on a global comparison of geological records, the International Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) determined that the onset of the Anthropocene was sometime in the mid-twentieth century (~1950 CE), and the Sihailongwan Maar Lake has been included as one of the candidate sites for the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Anthropocene. However, humans had a profound impact on the environment of the areas around Sihailongwan Maar Lake even before 1950 CE. Historical sequences of TOC contents, C/N ratios, δ13Corg values, Ca/Ti ratios, and concentrations of silicate major elements, such as Si, Al, and K, since 900 CE were reconstructed, with the average resolution being ~10 a, to explore the history of human activities in this region under the background of climate change. Human activities have significantly increased since 1850 CE, and changes in the measured proxies during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age before 1850 CE generally follow natural laws. The changes in the measured proxies during 1850-1950 CE indicate a rapid population growth, which damaged vegetation and resulted in intensified weathering and deviation of the surface environment evolution from the natural state. Hence, humans had started to be an important force for the geological environment; nevertheless, the changes during this period resulted in mostly local signals. After 1950 CE, the C/N ratios and δ13Corg values decreased continuously, indicating that the environmental status of the area around Sihailongwan Maar Lake changed once again under the new government and advanced productivity. This was in sync with the Great Acceleration of the global geological environment and supports the conclusion of the AWG that the onset of the Anthropocene was sometime in the mid-twentieth century.
Hong JIANG , Yongming HAN , Weiguo LIU , Yunning CAO , Jing HU , Huimin FAN , Bo LIU . Significant Increase in Human Activities Since 1850 According to Multiple Proxies of Sihailongwan Maar Lake Sediment[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2024 , 39(1) : 82 -95 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2024.006
1 | CRUTZEN P J, STOERMER E F. The Anthropocene[J]. IGB News Letter, 2000, 41(1): 17-18. |
2 | ZALASIEWICZ J, WATERS C N, SUMMERHAYES C P, et al. The working group on the Anthropocene: summary of evidence and interim recommendations[J]. Anthropocene, 2017, 19: 55-60. |
3 | WATERS C N, WILLIAMS M, ZALASIEWICZ J, et al. Epochs, events and episodes: marking the geological impact of humans[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2022, 234. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104171 . |
4 | WATERS C N, TURNER S D. Defining the onset of the Anthropocene Twelve sites are considered for defining the Anthropocene geological epoch [J]. Science, 2022, 378(6 621): 706-708. |
5 | JIANG Tao. Modern population history of China[M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang People’s Publishing House, 1993. |
5 | 姜涛. 中国近代人口史[M]. 杭州: 浙江人民出版社, 1993. |
6 | SU Y L, CHU G Q, LIU Q S, et al. A 1400 year environmental magnetic record from varved sediments of Lake Xiaolongwan (Northeast China) reflecting natural and anthropogenic soil erosion[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2015, 16(9): 3 053-3 060. |
7 | SHEN Ji, XUE Bin, WU Jinglu, et al. Lake sedimentation and environmental evolution[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2010. |
7 | 沈吉, 薛滨, 吴敬禄, 等. 湖泊沉积与环境演化[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010. |
8 | STEBICH M, REHFELD K, SCHLüTZ F, et al. Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics of NE China based on the pollen record from Sihailongwan Maar Lake[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015, 124: 275-289. |
9 | LIU Qiang, LIU Jiaqi, CHEN Xiaoyu, et al. Stable carbon isotope record of bulk organic matter from the Sihailongwan Maar Lake, northeast China during the past 18.5ka[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2005, 25(6): 711-721. |
9 | 刘强, 刘嘉麒, 陈晓雨, 等. 18.5kaB.P.以来东北四海龙湾玛珥湖全岩有机碳同位素记录及其古气候环境意义[J]. 第四纪研究, 2005, 25(6): 711-721. |
10 | Baishan City Local Chronicles Compilation Committee. Baishan City chronicle 1986-2005 (Volume 1) [M]. Changchun: Jilin People’s Publishing House, 2005. |
10 | 白山市地方志编纂委员会 编. 白山市志1986~2005(卷一)[M]. 长春: 吉林人民出版社, 2005. |
11 | BAI Fengnan, LI Dongxu. Introduction to North Korean economic history[M]. Yanji: Yanbian University Press, 1988. |
11 | 白凤南, 李东旭. 朝鲜经济史概论[M]. 延吉: 延边大学出版社, 1988. |
12 | DAVIES S J, LAMB H F, ROBERTS S J. Micro-XRF core scanning in palaeolimnology: recent developments[M]// Micro-XRF studies of sediment cores. Dordrecht: Springer, 2015: 189-226. |
13 | CAO Yunning, LIU Weiguo. Problems and improvements of preparing organic carbon stable isotope samples by sealing tube method[J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2016, 7(2): 200-208. |
13 | 曹蕴宁, 刘卫国. 封管法制备有机碳稳定同位素样品存在的问题和改进[J]. 地球环境学报, 2016, 7(2): 200-208. |
14 | HAN Y M, AN Z S, LEI D W, et al. The Sihailongwan Maar Lake, northeastern China as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series[J]. The Anthropocene Review, 2023, 10(1): 177-200. |
15 | WANG Shaowu. Holocene climate change[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2011. |
15 | 王绍武. 全新世气候变化[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2011. |
16 | WANG Shaowu, WEN Xinyu, LUO Yong, et al. Establishment of temperature series in China in recent thousand years[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(8): 958-964. |
16 | 王绍武, 闻新宇, 罗勇, 等. 近千年中国温度序列的建立[J]. 科学通报, 2007, 52(8): 958-964. |
17 | PENG J J, SUN Y, CHEN M, et al. Tree-ring based precipitation variability since AD 1828 in northwestern Liaoning, China[J]. Quaternary International, 2013, 283: 63-71. |
18 | CAO Shuji, GE Jianxiong. History of Chinese population (volume V) [M]. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2005. |
18 | 曹树基, 葛剑雄. 中国人口史(第五卷)[M]. 上海: 复旦大学出版社, 2005. |
19 | HOU Yangfang, GE Jianxiong. History of chinese population (volume VI)[M]. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2005. |
19 | 侯杨方, 葛剑雄. 中国人口史(第六卷)[M]. 上海: 复旦大学出版社, 2005. |
20 | LU Yu, TENG Zezhi. A study on the historical population of China province[M]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2016. |
20 | 路遇, 滕泽之. 中国分省区历史人口考[M]. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社, 2016. |
21 | National Bureau of Statistics of China. China statistical abstract (2017)[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2017. |
21 | 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计摘要(2017)[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2017. |
22 | WATERS C N, ZALASIEWICZ J, SUMMERHAYES C, et al. Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Anthropocene Series: where and how to look for potential candidates[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2018, 178: 379-429. |
23 | JIANG H, HAN Y M, GUO M L, et al. Sedimentary records of human activities in China over the past two millennia and implications for the Anthropocene: a review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 851. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158149 . |
24 | RUBINO M, ETHERIDGE D M, TRUDINGER C M, et al. A revised 1000?year atmospheric δ13C-CO2 record from Law Dome and South Pole, Antarctica[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2013, 118(15): 8 482-8 499. |
25 | MEYERS P A, LALLIER-VERGéS E. Lacustrine sedimentary organic matter records of late quaternary paleoclimates[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 1999, 21(3): 345-372. |
26 | CHU G Q, SUN Q, WANG X H, et al. A 1600 year multiproxy record of paleoclimatic change from varved sediments in Lake Xiaolongwan, northeastern China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2009, 114(D22): 1-10. |
27 | FANG Jidun, WU Fengchang, XIONG Yongqiang, et al. Composition and source identification of organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Sihailongwan, China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 28(3): 333-339. |
27 | 房吉敦, 吴丰昌, 熊永强. 等 . 四海龙湾表层沉积物中有机质的组成特征及其源解析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2015, 28(3): 333-339. |
28 | NIU Cuijuan, LOU Anru, SUN Ruyong,et al. Foundations in ecology[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2015. |
28 | 牛翠娟,娄安如,孙儒泳,等. 基础生态学[M]. 第3版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2015. |
29 | CHEN Huaiman. Environmental soil science[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2010. |
29 | 陈怀满. 环境土壤学[M]. 第2版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010. |
30 | LIU H X, YU X F, GAO C Y, et al. A 4000-yr multi-proxy record of Holocene hydrology and vegetation from a peatland in the Sanjiang Plain, northeast China[J]. Quaternary International, 2017, 436: 28-36. |
31 | WEI G J, LI X H, LIU Y, et al. Geochemical record of chemical weathering and monsoon climate change since the early Miocene in the South China Sea[J]. Paleoceanography, 2006, 21(4): 1-11. |
32 | CHENG B, LIU J B, CHEN S Q, et al. Impact of abrupt late Holocene monsoon climate change on the status of an alpine lake in North China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2020, 125(4): 1-12. |
33 | YOU H T, LIU J Q. High-resolution climate evolution derived from the sediment records of Erlongwan Maar Lake since 14 ka BP[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2012, 57(27): 3 610-3 616. |
34 | CHU G Q, SUN Q, GU Z Y, et al. Dust records from varved lacustrine sediments of two neighboring lakes in northeastern China over the last 1400 years[J]. Quaternary International, 2009, 194(1/2): 108-118. |
35 | YE Yu, FANG Xiuqi, REN Yuyu, et al. Changes in arable land cover in Northeast China over the past 300 years[J]. Science China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2009, 39(3): 340-350. |
35 | 叶瑜, 方修琦, 任玉玉, 等. 东北地区过去300年耕地覆盖变化[J]. 中国科学D辑:地球科学, 2009, 39(3): 340-350. |
36 | MINGRAM J, ALLEN J R M, BRUCHMANN C, et al. Maar- and crater lakes of the Longgang Volcanic Field (N.E. China)—overview, laminated sediments, and vegetation history of the last 900 years[J]. Quaternary International, 2004, 123/124/125: 135-147. |
37 | SUN Q, XIE M M, SHI L M, et al. Alkanes, compound-specific carbon isotope measures and climate variation during the last millennium from varved sediments of Lake Xiaolongwan, northeast China[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 2013, 50(3): 331-344. |
38 | CHEN S Q, LIU J B, XIE C L, et al. Evolution of integrated lake status since the last deglaciation: a high-resolution sedimentary record from Lake Gonghai, Shanxi, China[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2018, 496: 175-182. |
39 | HUANG X Z, REN X X, CHEN X M, et al. Anthropogenic Mountain forest degradation and soil erosion recorded in the sediments of Mayinghai Lake in Northern China[J]. CATENA, 2021, 207. DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105597 . |
40 | TANG Qiyu. Historical manuscript of crop cultivation in China[M]. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1986. |
40 | 唐启宇. 中国作物栽培史稿[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986. |
41 | Official website of National Bureau of Statistics[EB/OL].[2023-09-03]. . |
41 | 国家统计局官网[EB/OL].[2023-09-03]. . |
42 | SCHETTLER G, LIU Q, MINGRAM J, et al. Palaeovariations in the East-Asian monsoon regime geochemically recorded in varved sediments of Lake Sihailongwan (northeast China, Jilin Province). Part 1: hydrological conditions and dust flux[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 2006, 35: 239-270. |
43 | SCHETTLER G, LIU Q, MINGGRAM J, et al. Palaeovariations in the East-Asian Monsoon regime geochemically recorded in varved sediments of Lake Sihailongwan (northeast China, Jilin province). Part 2: a 200-year record of atmospheric lead-210 flux variations and its palaeoclimatic implications[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 2006, 35: 271-288. |
44 | CUI S H, SHI Y L, GROFFMAN P M, et al. Centennial-scale analysis of the creation and fate of reactive nitrogen in China (1910-2010)[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(6): 2 052-2 057. |
45 | OLDFIELD F, WAKE R, BOYLE J, et al. The late-Holocene history of Gormire Lake (NE England) and its catchment: a multiproxy reconstruction of past human impact[J]. The Holocene, 2003, 13(5): 677-690. |
46 | MCCONNELL J R, WILSON A I, STOHL A, et al. Lead pollution recorded in Greenland ice indicates European emissions tracked plagues, wars, and imperial expansion during antiquity[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115(22): 5 726-5 731. |
47 | ARMESTO J J, MANUSCHEVICH D, MORA A, et al. From the Holocene to the Anthropocene: a historical framework for land cover change in southwestern South America in the past 15, 000 years[J]. Land Use Policy, 2010, 27(2): 148-160. |
48 | MARX S K, MCGOWAN H A, KAMBER B S, et al. Unprecedented wind erosion and perturbation of surface geochemistry marks the Anthropocene in Australia[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2014, 119(1): 45-61. |
49 | HILLMAN A L, ABBOTT M B, VALERO-GARCéS B L, et al. Lead pollution resulting from Roman gold extraction in northwestern Spain[J]. The Holocene, 2017, 27(10): 1 465-1 474. |
50 | SIMCIK M F, EISENREICH S J, GOLDEN K A, et al. Atmospheric loading of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Lake Michigan as recorded in the sediments[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1996, 30(10): 3 039-3 046. |
51 | DOLOR M K, HELZ G R, MCDONOUGH W F. Cause of the chalcophile trace element enrichments marking the Holocene to Anthropocene transition in northern Chesapeake Bay sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012, 82: 79-91. |
52 | SARKAR S, AHMED T, SWAMI K, et al. History of atmospheric deposition of trace elements in lake sediments, ~1880 to 2007[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2015, 120(11): 5 658-5 669. |
/
〈 |
|
〉 |