THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECT OF ESTIMATING SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT USING PASSIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING DATA
Received date: 2003-02-09
Revised date: 2003-08-04
Online published: 2004-04-01
Snow water equivalent (SWE) is an important factor in the variable study of snow storage. However, the only adequately way to estimate the spatial coverage and temporal changes of snow cover in a regional scale is via remote sensing. Passive microwave data, as a complement for visible remote sensing data, despite of its coarse resolution, have the capability to penetrate clouds and snow cover and to provide dual polarization information at different frequencies. In fact, passive microwave remote sensing has played a key role in cryosphere research field in past three decades. This paper reviews the researches of monitoring snow using passive microwave remote sensing data at home and abroad. The applicability of existing algorithms (and models) to estimate snow water equivalent is assessed. Then, the retrieval of SWE in the QinghaiTibetan plateau is discussed in detail, to illustrate the complexity of the estimating SWE using SSM/I data in the special region, and to clarify the reasons that lead to the complexity. Finally, a series of methods and solutions are offered, which provide the theory basis for the further dynamic monitoring on snow in the QinghaiTibetan plateau regions. For improving the retrieval accuracy, several aspects should be taken into account, such as detecting wet snow and dry snow, distinguishing the snow cover and frozen soil in the SSM/I subpixel, and comparison of retrieval results and observation data.
CHE Tao, LI Xin . THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECT OF ESTIMATING SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT USING PASSIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING DATA[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2004 , 19(2) : 204 -210 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.02.0204
［1］ England A W. Thermal microwave emission from a scattering layer［J］. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1975,80(32): 4 484-4 496.
［2］ Chang A T C, Gloersen P, Schmugge T,et al. Microwave emission from snow and glacier ice［J］. Journal of Glaciology, 1976,16(74): 23-39.
［3］ Chang A T C, Foster J L, Hall D K. Nimbus7 SMMR derived global snow cover parameters［J］. Annals of Glaciology, 1987, 9:39-44.
［4］ Neale C M U, McFarland M J, Chang K. LandSurfaceType classification using microwave brightness temperature from the special sensor microwave/Imager ［J］. IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1990,28(5): 829-837.
［5］ Goodison B E, Walker A E. Canadian development and use of snow cover information from passive microwave satellite data［A］. In: Choudhury, B J, Kerr Y H, Njoku E G, et al, eds. ESA/NASA International Workshop［C］. Utrecht, The Netherlands：VSP, 1994.245-262.
［6］ Chang A T C, Foster J L, Hall D K. Effects of forest on the snow parameters derived from microwave measurements during the boreal［J］. Hydrology Processing, 1996,10:1 565-1 574.
［7］ Hallikainen M T. Microwave radiometry on snow［J］. Advance in Space Research, 1989, 9 (1): 267-275.
［8］ Gan T Y. Passive microwave snow research in Canadian high arctic［J］. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 1996, 22 (1): 36-44.
［9］ Foster J L, Chang A T C, Hall D K. Comparison snow mass estimates from a prototype passive microwave snow algorithm, a revised algorithm and snow depth climatology ［J］. Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,62:132-142.
［10］ Singh P R, Gan T Y. Retrieval of snow water equivalent using passive microwave brightness temperature data ［J］. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2000,74 (2): 275-286.
［11］ Balk B, Elder K. Combining binary decision tree and geostatistical methods to estimate snow distribution in a mountain watershed［J］. Water Resources Research, 2000,36:13-26.
［12］ Pulliainen J T, Grandell J, Hallikainen M T. HUT snow emission model and its applicability to snow water equivalent retrieval［J］.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1999,37(3): 1 378-1 390.
［13］ Goodison B E, Rubinstein I, Thirkettle F W, et al. Determination of snow water equivalent on the Canadian prairies using microwave radiometry［J］. IAHS Publish, 1986, 155: 163-173.
［14］ Tait A. Estimation of snow water equivalent using passive microwave radiation data［J］. Remote Sensing of Environment, 1998, 64:286-291.
［15］ Derksen C, Walker A E, LeDrew E, et al. Timeseries analysis of passivemicrowavederived central North American snow water equivalent imagery［J］. Annals of Glaciology,2002,34:1-7.
［16］ Walker A E, Silis A. Snow-cover variations over the Mackenzie River basin, Canada, derived from SSM/I passivemicrowave satellite data［J］. Annals of Glaciology, 2002,34:8-14.
［17］ Goodison B E, Walker A E. Canadian development and use of snow cover information from passive microwave satellite data［A］. In: Choudhury B J, Kerr Y H, Njoku E G, eds. Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Land-atmosphere Interactions［C］. Zeist, The Netherlands: VSP BV Publishers, 1995. 245-262.
［18］ Mognard N M, Josberger E G. Northern Great Plains 1996/97 seasonal evolution of snowpack parameters from satellite passivemicrowave measurements［J］. Annals of Glaciology, 2002,34:15-23.
［19］ Chang A T C, Foster J L, Hall D K. Nimbus7 SMMR derived global snow cover parameters ［J］. Annals of Glaciology, 1987,9:39-44.
［20］ Cao Meisheng(曹梅盛), Li Peiji(李培基), Robinson D A, et al. Evaluation and primary application of microwave remote sensing SMMR derived snow cover in Western China［J］. Remote Sensing of Environment(环境遥感), 1993, 8(3): 260-269(in Chinese).
［21］ Cao Meisheng(曹梅盛), Li Peiji(李培基). Microwave remote sensing monitoring of snow in West China［J］. Journal of Mountain Research(山地研究), 1994,12(4): 231-233(in Chinese).
［22］ Bo Yanchen(柏延臣), Feng Xuezhi(冯学智), Li Xin(李新), et al. The retrieval of snow depth in QinghaiXizang (Tibet) plateau from passive microwave remote sensing data and its results assessment［J］. Journal of Remote Sensing(遥感学报), 2001,5(3): 161-165（in Chinese）
［23］ Armstong R L, Brodzik M J. Hemisphericscale comparison and evaluation of passivemicrowave snow algorithms ［J］. Annals of Glaciology, 2002,34:38-44.
［24］ Matzler C. Passive microwave signatures of landscapes in winter［J］.Meteorology Atmosphere Physical, 1994, 54:241-260.
［25］ Ulaby F T, Moore R K, Fung A K. Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive (Vol. Ⅲ)［M］. London: Artech House Publishers Inc, 1984. 1612.
［26］ Zwally H J. Microwave emissivity and accumulation rate of polar firn［J］.Journal of Glaciology,1977, 18(79): 195-215.
［27］ Armstrong R, Chang A, Rango A, et al. Snow depths and grain size relationships with relevance for passive microwave studies［J］.Annual of Glaciology, 1993,17:171-176.
［28］ Matzler C, Standley A. Relief effects for passive microwave remote sensing［J］. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2000, 21(12): 2 403-2 412.
［29］ Bellerby T, Taberner M, Wilmshurst A. Retrieval of land and sea brightness temperatures from mixed coastal pixels in passive microwave data ［J］.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1998,36(6): 1 844-1 851.
［30］ Zuerndorfer B, England A W. Radiobrightness decision criteria for freeze/fraw boundaries［J］. IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1992,30(1): 89-102.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
