Progress of Last Glacial Maximum and Mid-Holocene Climate Modeling Analyses
Received date: 2021-07-07
Revised date: 2021-10-09
Online published: 2022-01-29
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Project "Holocene GSSP-typical, abrupt climate events: records from lakes in the monsoon region of China"(41931181);The National Key R&D Program of China "Driving mechanisms for monsoon variabilities and drought evolutions"(2017YFA0603404)
Climate modeling analyses for the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and mid-Holocene undertaken by the authors in recent years were systematically reviewed， including changes in climate over China， East Asian and global monsoons， as well as the associated major atmospheric circulation systems. Based on multi-model simulation data， the recent results showed that during the LGM， the simulated cooling and annual net precipitation change over China were qualitatively consistent with geological records， with a weaker magnitude for the simulation. The LGM permafrost area expanded and the active layer thickness was thinner in China， while the glacier equilibrium line altitude in western China were lower than the preindustrial levels. Although the LGM changes in the East Asian monsoon intensity differed among the models， the monsoon area and monsoon precipitation over China were consistently decreased； the land monsoon region moved southward in the Northern Hemisphere， and both decreases in global monsoon area and monsoon precipitation intensity led to deficient global monsoon precipitation. The magnitude of global mean terrestrial moisture change was overall small due to both decreases in global mean precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The LGM northern westerlies shifted poleward in the upper level but equatorward in the lower level， the tropical belt width changes were dependent on the selection of metrics， and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） impacts and the tropical Pacific Walker circulation were revealed to weaken and shift eastward. During the mid-Holocene， the simulated annual and winter cooling over China was still opposite to the warming reconstructed by most geological records. The East Asian winter monsoon was consistently strengthened， while there were spatially inhomogeneous changes in the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation； the monsoon area and monsoon precipitation increased both over China and over the globe. The mid-Holocene permafrost area reduced in northeastern China but expanded to low-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau； in the Northern Hemisphere， the permafrost extent contracted， seasonally frozen ground expanded， frozen ground retreated northward， and the active layer thickness became larger. There was overall little change in the total area of global drylands. The summer East Asian westerly jet significantly weakened and shifted northward， the ENSO weakened， and the associated tropical Pacific Walker circulation strengthened and shifted westward during the mid-Holocene. The above changes were mainly responses to the LGM large presence of ice sheets and lower atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations or the mid-Holocene orbital forcing， with the ocean feedback playing a certain modulation role and the vegetation feedback effect showing a level of uncertainty. The causes of model-data mismatch deserve to be further investigated.
Key words： Last Glacial Maximum; Mid-Holocene; Climate over China; Monsoon; Modeling.
Dabang JIANG , Zhiping TIAN , Na WANG , Ran ZHANG . Progress of Last Glacial Maximum and Mid-Holocene Climate Modeling Analyses[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2022 , 37(1) : 1 -13 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.098
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