Distribution, Compositions and Significance of Oceanic Red Beds
First author:Lyu Xuan (1991-), female, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include marine sedimentology and paleoceanography.E-mail:2014lvxuan@tongji.edu.cn
Received date: 2017-10-10
Revised date: 2017-11-10
Online published: 2018-03-06
Supported by
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Deepwater sedimentation since the Miocene in the central basin of the South China Sea and its regional tectonic and environmental evolution significance” (No.41530964) and “Deep-sea sedimentation process and mechanism in the South China Sea” (No.91528304).
Copyright
Oceanic red beds are widely distributed in the global oceans and across the entire Phanerozoic period, which mostly appeared after oceanic anoxic events. They represent typical oxygen-rich sedimentary environment and play a significant role on ocean science research. Numerous studies have been carried out since the oceanic red beds were discovered. However, previous studies mainly focused on the Cretaceous oceanic red beds, and the understanding of the characteristics and scientific significance of oceanic red beds are not comprehensive. Therefore, we here summarized the global distribution characteristics and compared mineral and element compositions of various lithological oceanic red beds, including marly, clayey and cherty oceanic red beds. The main mineral and element components of oceanic red beds have no direct relationship with the color of the sediments, and mainly are affected by the regional environment and provenances. Therefore, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of oceanic red beds should be analyzed in combination with the regional background. The red coloration of oceanic red beds is controlled mainly by hematite, goethite and manganese-bearing calcite, which have two main mechanisms: ① Colored minerals formed in oxic conditions; ② Colored minerals formed due to low deposition rates. These two mechanisms are not completely independent, but complement one another with either dominance in most oceanic red beds. Lithological characteristics of oceanic red beds are controlled by three factors, including water depth, productivity and nutrients. Therefore, the formation of oceanic red beds should be considered with global changes and regional events. The unique origin mechanism and global distribution characteristics of long time-scale oceanic red beds can be used to indicate sedimentary paleoenvironment, paleo-oceanic current, and paleoclimate change. In addition, hydrothermal or magmatic activities on the ocean floor could also produce red-color deposits that are strongly different from sedimentary oceanic red beds. Based on the existing research, we also put forward the future in-depth studies on the oceanic red beds from multidisciplinary perspectives.
Xuan Lyu , Zhifei Liu . Distribution, Compositions and Significance of Oceanic Red Beds[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2017 , 32(12) : 1307 -1318 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.12.1307
| [1] | Wang Chengshan, Hu Xiumian.Cretaceous world and oceanic red beds[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12(2):11-21. |
| [1] | [王成善, 胡修棉. 白垩纪世界与大洋红层[J]. 地学前缘,2005,12(2): 11-21.] |
| [2] | Sverdrup H U, Johnson M W, Fleming R H.The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology[M]. New York:Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1942. |
| [3] | Bryant W, Bennet R.Origin, physical, and mineralogical nature of red clays: The Pacific Ocean Basin as a model[J].Geo-Marine Letters, 1988, 8(4): 189-249. |
| [4] | Glasby G P.Mineralogy, geochemistry, and origin of Pacific red clays: A review[J]. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1991, 34(2): 167-176. |
| [5] | Hu X, Scott R W, Cai Y,et al. Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs): Different time scales and models of origin[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2012, 115(4): 217-248. |
| [6] | Wang C, Hu X, Huang Y,et al. Cretaceous oceanic red beds as possible consequence of oceanic anoxic events[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2011, 235(1/2): 27-37. |
| [7] | Hu Xiumian.Distribution, types and origins of phanerozoic marine red beds[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2013, 32(3): 335-342. |
| [7] | [胡修棉. 显生宙海相红层的分布、类型与成因机制[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2013, 32(3): 335-342.] |
| [8] | Wang C, Hu X, Sarti M,et al. Upper Cretaceous oceanic red beds in southern Tibet: A major change from anoxic to oxic, deep-sea environments[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2005, 26(1): 21-32. |
| [9] | Neuhuber S, Wagreich M, Wendler I,et al. Turonian Oceanic Red Beds in the Eastern Alps: Concepts for palaeoceanographic changes in the Mediterranean Tethys[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2007, 251(2): 222-238. |
| [10] | Li X, Hu X, Cai Y,et al. Quantitative analysis of iron oxide concentrations within Aptian-Albian cyclic oceanic red beds in ODP Hole 1049C, North Atlantic[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2011, 235(1/2): 91-99. |
| [11] | Caspari W A.The composition and character of oceanic red clay[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1910, 30,doi:10.1017/S037016460003062. |
| [12] | Gray M, McAfee Jr R, Wolf C. Glossary of Geology[M].Washington DC:American Geological Institute, 1972. |
| [13] | Gleason J D, Moore T C, Rea D K,et al. Ichthyolith strontium isotope stratigraphy of a Neogene red clay sequence: Calibrating eolian dust accumulation rates in the central North Pacific[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 202(3/4): 625-636. |
| [14] | Bostr?m K, Kraemer T, Gartner S.Provenance and accumulation rates of opaline silica, Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni and Co in Pacific pelagic sediments[J].Chemical Geology, 1973, 11(2): 123-148. |
| [15] | Dutkiewicz A, O’Callaghan S, Müller R D. Controls on the distribution of deep-sea sediments[J].Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2016, 17(8): 3 075-3 098. |
| [16] | Yamamoto S.Thickness distribution of reddish brown clay in the western North Pacific[J].Journal of Oceanography, 1987, 43(3): 139-148. |
| [17] | Berger W H. Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD)[M]∥Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences. Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 2016. |
| [18] | Hu X, Jansa L, Wang C,et al. Upper Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs) in the Tethys: Occurrences, lithofacies, age, and environments[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2005, 26(1): 3-20. |
| [19] | Wang C S, Hu X M, Huang Y J, et al. Overview of Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs): A window on global oceanic and climate change[M]∥Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds: Stratigraphy, Composition, Origins and Paleoceanographic and Paleoclimatic Significance. SEPM Special Publication, 2009:13-33,doi:10.2110/sepmsp.091.013. |
| [20] | Wang C, Huang Y, Hu X,et al. Cretaceous oceanic redbeds: Implications for paleoclimatology and paleoceanography[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2004, 3(3): 873-877. |
| [21] | Cheng Wenbin, Gu Xuexiang, Hu Xiumian,et al. Comparative element geochemistry of recent oceanic red clay and cretaceous oceanic red bed[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(1): 37-47. |
| [21] | [程文斌, 顾雪祥, 胡修棉,等.现代大洋红色粘土与白垩纪大洋红层元素地球化学对比[J]. 地质学报, 2008, 82(1): 37-47.] |
| [22] | Neuhuber S, Wagreich M.Geochemistry of cretaceous oceanic red beds—A synthesis[J].Sedimentary Geology, 2011, 235(1/2): 72-78. |
| [23] | Hu Xiumian, Wang Chengshan.Cretaceous oceanic red beds: Characters, occurrences, and origin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities, 2007, 13(1): 1-13. |
| [23] | [胡修棉, 王成善. 白垩纪大洋红层:特征、分布与成因[J]. 高校地质学报, 2007, 13(1): 1-13.] |
| [24] | Hu X, Jansa L, Sarti M.Mid-Cretaceous oceanic red beds in the Umbria-Marche Basin, central Italy: Constraints on paleoceanography and paleoclimate[J].Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2006, 233(3/4): 163-186. |
| [25] | Franke W, Paul J.Pelagic redbeds in the Devonian of Germany —Deposition and diagenesis[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1980, 25(3): 231-256. |
| [26] | Li C F, Li J B, Ding W W,et al. Seismic stratigraphy of the central South China Sea Basin and implications for neotectonics[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth, 2015, 120(3): 1 377-1 399. |
| [27] | Song H, Jiang G, Poulton S W,et al. The onset of widespread marine red beds and the evolution of ferruginous oceans[J].Nature Communications, 2017, 8(1): 399. |
| [28] | Expedition 349 Scientists. South China Sea Tectonics: Opening of the South China Sea and Its Implications for Southeast Asian Tectonics, Climates, and Deep Mantle Processes Since the Late Mesozoic[R]. International Ocean Discovery Program Preliminary Report, 349. 2014, doi:10.14379/iodp.pr.349.2014. |
| [29] | Dunlea A G, Murray R W, Sauvage J,et al. Dust, volcanic ash, and the evolution of the South Pacific Gyre through the Cenozoic[J]. Paleoceanography, 2015, 30(8): 1 078-1 099. |
| [30] | Hu X, Wang C, Li X,et al. Upper Cretaceous oceanic red beds in southern Tibet: Lithofacies, environments and colour origin[J]. Science in China (Series D), 2006, 49(8): 785-795. |
| [31] | Kato Y, Nakao K, Isozaki Y.Geochemistry of Late Permian to Early Triassic pelagic cherts from southwest Japan: Implications for an oceanic redox change[J].Chemical Geology, 2002, 182(1): 15-34. |
| [32] | Hein J, Vallier T L, Allan M A.Chert petrology and geochemistry, Mid-Pacific Mountains and Hess Rise[M]∥Vallier T L, Thiede J, eds. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. US Government Printing Office, 1981: 711-748. |
| [33] | Cai Y, Hu X, Li X,et al. Origin of the red colour in a red limestone from the Vispi Quarry section (central Italy): A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2012, 38(Suppl. C): 97-102. |
| [34] | Li J, Hu X, Zhao K,et al. Paleoceanographic evolution and chronostratigraphy of the Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) to oceanic red bed 1 (ORB1) in the Gorgo a Cerbara section (central Italy)[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2016, 66: 115-128. |
| [35] | Han Zhiyan, Hu Xiumian, Ji Junfeng,et al. Origin of the Aptian Albian High Cyclic Oceanic Red Beds in the ODP Hole 1049C, North Atlantic: Mineralogical evidence[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(1): 124-132. |
| [35] | [韩志艳, 胡修棉, 季峻峰,等. 北大西洋ODP1049C孔Aptian-Albian期高频旋回大洋红层的成因:矿物学证据[J]. 地质学报, 2008, 82(1): 124-132.] |
| [36] | Turekian K K, Wedepohl K H.Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth’s crust[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1961, 72(2): 175. |
| [37] | Turgeon S, Brumsack H J.Anoxic vs dysoxic events reflected in sediment geochemistry during the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (Cretaceous) in the Umbria-Marche Basin of central Italy[J].Chemical Geology, 2006, 234(3): 321-339. |
| [38] | Goldberg E D, Arrhenius G O S. Chemistry of Pacific pelagic sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1958, 13(2/3): 153-212. |
| [39] | Calvert S E, Pedersen T F.Sedimentary geochemistry of manganese: Implications for the environment of formation of manganiferous black shales[J].Economic Geology, 1996, 91(1): 36-47. |
| [40] | Ding H, Yao S, Chen J.Authigenic pyrite formation and re-oxidation as an indicator of an unsteady-state redox sedimentary environment: Evidence from the intertidal mangrove sediments of Hainan Island, China[J].Continental Shelf Research, 2014, 78: 85-99. |
| [41] | Wang Tiantian.Fe Isotope Compositions of the Upper Cretaceous Black Shales and Oceanic Red Beds and Its Implications to Pale Oceanography and Paleoclimate[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2016. |
| [41] | [王天天. 上白垩统黑色页岩和大洋红层的Fe同位素特征及其古海洋学和古气候学意义[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学,2016.] |
| [42] | Clauer N, Hoffert M, Karpoff A M.The Rb Sr isotope system as an index of origin and diagenetic evolution of southern Pacific red clays[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982, 46(12): 2 659-2 664. |
| [43] | Mamet B, Préat A.Iron-bacterial mediation in Phanerozoic red limestones: State of the art[J].Sedimentary Geology, 2006, 185(3): 147-157. |
| [44] | Morford J L, Emerson S.The geochemistry of redox sensitive trace metals in sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1999, 63(11/12): 1 735-1 750. |
| [45] | Calvert S E, Pedersen T F.Chapter fourteen elemental proxies for palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic variability in marine sediments interpretation and application[M]∥Developments in Marine Geology. Elsevier, 2007. |
| [46] | Wagreich M, Neuhuber S, Egger H,et al. Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs) in the Austrian Eastern Alps: Passive-margin vs. active-margin depositional settings[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2009, (91): 73-88. |
| [47] | Hein A, Day P M, Cau Ontiveros M A,et al. Red clays from Central and Eastern Crete: Geochemical and mineralogical properties in view of provenance studies on ancient ceramics[J]. Applied Clay Science, 2004, 24(3/4): 245-255. |
| [48] | Pattan J N, Pearce N J G, Mislankar P G. Constraints in using Cerium-anomaly of bulk sediments as an indicator of paleo bottom water redox environment: A case study from the Central Indian Ocean Basin[J].Chemical Geology, 2005, 221(3/4): 260-278. |
| [49] | Poulsen C J, Barron E J, Arthur M A,et al. Response of the Mid-Cretaceous global oceanic circulation to tectonic and CO2 forcings[J]. Paleoceanography, 2001, 16(6): 576-592. |
| [50] | Hay W W.Cretaceous oceans and ocean modeling[M]∥Cretaceous Ocean Redbeds. Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2009,doi:10.21101sepmsp.091. |
| [51] | Zeng Xuan.The Tempoarl and Spatial Evolution of CORBs[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2006. |
| [51] | [曾萱. 白垩纪大洋红层的时空演化[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2006.] |
| [52] | Zhang Zhenguo, Duan Xingkuan, Gao Lianfeng,et al. Modern ocean iron release experiment and its implications for palaeoceanographic study: Forming mechanisms of CORBs[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2013, 29(9): 1-8. |
| [52] | [张振国, 段杏宽, 高莲凤,等.现代大洋铁盐投放实验对古海洋学研究的启示:白垩纪大洋红层产生的背景与机制[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2013, 29(9): 1-8.] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
