Articles

PROCEEDING OF MODELLING STUDIES ON THE STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF THE THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION

Expand
  • 1.Department of Geophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871;2.Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080

Received date: 1997-08-14

  Revised date: 1997-09-29

  Online published: 1998-08-01

Abstract

In this paper, some recent contributions of both primitive equation ocean circulation models(OGCM) and idealized conceptual models to the understanding of the stability and variability properties of the ocean thermohaline circulation are reviewed. The typical results of a hierarchy of models have been represented in brevity. Emphasis has been put on the multiple steady states and variability from decadal/interdecadal timescale to centennial and millennial timescale of the world ocean thermohaline circulation.

Cite this article

Zhou Tianjun,Wang Shaowu,Zhang Xuehong . PROCEEDING OF MODELLING STUDIES ON THE STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF THE THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 1998 , 13(4) : 334 -343 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1998.04.0334

References

[1] Stommel H. Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus, 1961, 13, 224-230.
[2] Welander P. A simple heat-salt oscillator.Dyn of Atmos and Oceans, 1982, 6: 233-242.
[3] Welander P. Thermohaline effects in the ocean circulation and related simple models. In: Willebrand J, Anderson D L T, eds. Large-Scale Transport Processes in Oceans and Atmosphere.D Reidel Publishing, 1986.163-200.
[4] Marotzke J, Willebrand J. Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography,1991, 21: 1 372-1 385.
[5] Nakamura M, Stone P H, Marotzke J. Destabilization of the thermohaline circulation by atmospheric eddy transports. J Climate, 1994, 7:1 870-1 882.
[6] Birchfield G E.A coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model:temperature versus salinity effects on the thermohaline circulation. Clim Dyn,1989,4: 57-71.
[7] Birchfield G E, Wang H, Wyant W. A bimodal climate response controlled by water transport in a coupled ocean-atmosphere box model. Paleoceanogr, 1990, 5: 383-395
[8] Marotzke J, Welander P, Willebrand J. Instability and multiple steady states in a meridional-plane model of the thermohaline circulation. Tellus, 1988, 40A: 162- 172.
[9] Stocker T F, Wright D G. Rapid transition of the ocean's deep circulation induced by changes in surface water flux. Nature, 1991, 351: 729-732.
[10] Wright D G, Stocker T F. Sensitivities of a zonally averaged global ocean circulation model. J Geophys Res, 1992, 97: 12 707-12 730.
[11] Fichefet T, Hovine S, Duplessy J C. A model study of the Atlantic circulationn during the last glacial maximum. Nature,1994, 372: 252-255.
[12] Bryan K. A numerical method for the study of of the circulation of the world ocean.Journal of Computational Physics,1969, 4: 347-376.
[13] Bryan K. Climate and the ocean circulation: III. The ocean model, Monthly Weather Review, 1969, 97(11): 806- 827.
[14] Cox M D. An idealized model of the world ocean. Part I: The global-scale water masses, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1989, 19:1 730-1 753.
[15] Killworth P D, Stainforth D, Webb D J, et al. The development of a free-surface Bryan-Cox-Semtner ocean model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1991, 21: 1 333-1 348.
[16] Maier-Reimer E, Mikolajewicz U. Experiments with an OGCM on the cause of the Younger Dryas. Oceanography, UNAM press, 1989. 87-100.
[17] Maier-Reimer E, Mikolajewicz U, Hasselmann K. Mean circulation of the Hamburg LSG OGCM and its sensitivity to the thermohaline surface forcing. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1993, 23: 731-757.
[18] Zhang X H, Chen K M, Jin X Z, et al. Simulation of the thermohaline circulation with a twenty-layer oceanic general circulation model. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1996, 55(1-4): 65- 87.
[19] Zhang S, Greatbatch R J, Lin C A. A reexamination of the polar halocline catastrophe and implications for coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1993, 23: 287-299.
[20] England M H. Representing the global scale water masses in Ocean Circulation models. Journal of Physical Oceanography,1993, 23:1 523-1 552.
[21] Weaver A J, Hughes T M C. On the incompatibility of ocean and atmosphere models and the need for flux adjustments.Climate Dynamics, 1996, 12: 141-170.
[22] Bryan F. High-latitude salinity effects and interhemispheric thermohaline circulation. Nature, 1986, 323(25): 301- 304.
[23] Marotzke J, Willebrand J. Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography,1991, 21: 1 372-1 385.
[24] Hughes T M C, Weaver A J. Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin ocean model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1993, 24:619-637.
[25] Power S B, R Kleeman. Multiple equilibria in a global ocean general circulation model. Journal of Physical Oceanography,1993, 23: 1 670-1 681.
[26] Tziperman E, Toggweiler J R, Feliks Y. Instability of the thermohaline circulation with respect to mixed boundary conditions: Is it really a problem for realistic models. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1994, 24: 217- 232.
[27] Cai W. Global present-day ocean climate and its stability under various surface thermohaline forcing conditions derived from Levitus climatology. Progress in Oceanography, 1995, 36: 219-247.
[28] Rahmstorf S. Rapid climate transition in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Nature, 1994, 372: 82-85.
[29] Rahmstorf S. Bifurcations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to changes in the hydrological cycle. Nature,1995, 378: 145-149.
[30] Manabe S, Souffer R J. Two stable equilibra of a coupled Ocean-Atmosphere model. Journal of Climate, 1988, 1: 841-866.
[31] Manabe S, Stouffer R J. Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 1995, 378: 165-167.
[32] Mysak L A, Stocker T F, Huang F. Century-scale variability in a randomly forced two dimensional thermohaline ocean circulation model. Climate Dynamics, 1993, 8: 103-116.
[33] Weaver A J, Marotzke J, Cummins P F. Stability and Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1993, 23:39-60.
[34] Power S B, Kleeman R. Surface heat flux parameterization and the response of ocean general circulation models to high-latitude freshing. Tellus, 1994, 46A: 86-95.
[35] Power S B, Moore A, Post D A. Stability of NADW formation in a global ocean general circulation model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1994, 24: 904-916.
[36] Mikolajewicz U, Maier-Reimer E. Internal secular variability in an ocean general circulation model. Climate Dynamics,1990, 4:145- 156.
[37] Weaver A J, Marotzke J, Cummins P F, et al. Stability and Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1993,23: 39-60.
[38] Weaver A J, Sarachik E S. Evidence for decadal variability in an ocean general circulation model: An advective mechanism.Atmosphere-Ocean, 1991,29: 197-231.
[39] Weaver A J, Sarachik E S, Marotzke J. Freshwater flux forcing of decadal and interdecadal oceanic variability. Nature,1991, 353. 31: 836-838.
[40] Weaver A J, Aura S M, Myers P G. Interdecadal variability in a coarse resolution North Atlantic model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994, 99:12 423-12 441.
[41] Moore A M, Reason C J C. The response of a global ocean general circulation model to climatological surface boundary conditions for temperature and salinity. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1993, 23: 300-328.
[42] Weisse R, Mikolajewicz U, Maier-Reimer E. Decadal variability of the North Atlantic in an ocean general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994, 99: 12 411-12 421.
[43] Chen F Ghil M. Interdecadal variability of the thermohaline circulation and high-latitude surface fluxes. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1995, 25: 2 547-2 568.
[44] Delworth T, Manabe S, Stouffer R J. Interdecadal Variations of the Thermohaline Circulation in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model. Journal of Climate, 1993, 6(11): 1 993-2 011.
[45] Stouffer R J, Manabe S, Vinniko K Y. Model assessment of the role of natural variability in recent global warming. Nature,1994, 367: 634-636.
[46] Manabe S, Stouffer R J. Low-frequency variability of surface air temperature in a 1000-year integration of a coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface model. Journal of Climate, 1996, 9: 376-393.

Outlines

/