The Assessment of Natural Resource Damages Caused by Oil Spill Incidents based on Equivalency Analysis Methods
Received date: 2012-02-04
Revised date: 2012-04-10
Online published: 2012-06-10
Although the international conventions and laws of many countries have included the ecological damages and natural resource losses resulting from marine oil spill incidents into claim scope recently, acceptable approaches have not established wordwide to quantify the ecological losses caused by pollution, scale the sizes of damage and compensation and convert the restorative ecological compensation into economical damage estimates. Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) and Resource Equivalency Analysis (REA), two popular approaches in US and Europe, were reviewed and discussed in detail. The key assumption of these two approaches was that the ecological service losses of injured habitats (or resources) should be equal to those supplied by the restorative projects. HEA which was on the basis of service-to-service approach strongly depended on several parameters, including the choices of ecological service metrics, service levels, the shape of recovery curves, the lengthens of restoration plans, and discount rates. REA which was the upgrade of HEA was impacted by the amounts of dead wildlife and their age classes. Both of the non-monetary results of HEA and REA compensated the human welfare losses rather than the eco-environment and natural resources. As so far, variety of monetization methods of HEA and REA were developed by economists, but widely arguments were triggered by traditional economists and eco-economists. Nevertheless, some US courts upheld HEA and REA as appropriate measures to determine the scale of compensatory restoration projects. Furthermore, the restoration costs derived from HEA and REA supplied data support for settlements out of courts. In the long run, combining the ecological and economical principles is promising to promote the development of equivalency analysis deeply and widely so as to make the claim rational and legal valid.
Zhang Peng, Feng Junqiao, Ge Linke, Wang Zhen, Yao Ziwei, Du Tingqin . The Assessment of Natural Resource Damages Caused by Oil Spill Incidents based on Equivalency Analysis Methods[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2012 , 27(6) : 633 -643 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.06.0633
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