With the excessive exploitation and utilization of water resources, a number of ecological environmental problems have arisen in many rivers in arid regions. The effect has been particularly severe for many of the rivers, leading to the problem of sustainable development of society and economy. To protect the ecological environment and develop the social economy, we focused on two problems: ①How much water does the society need; ②How much water does the river needs. Based on a large number of scientific achievements of studying water resources allocation and ecoenvironmental management in Northwest of China by the Chinese Academy of Engineering, we studied the changing patterns and trends of water circulation of inland river in Xinjiang under the effects of social economic water cycle and the challenges we face in the future. We also studied the appropriate threshold of the exploitation and utilization of water resources rate both in China and abroad. We proposed a management and regulation pattern of water resources in two aspects. The water consumption divides the ecological environmental and social economic water consumption each 50% to 50%. The 30% of runoff in the river should be retained to maintain the basic natural water cycle. The maximum volume of water diversion from the river is no more than 70% of the runoff. This pattern provides reference for water resources management innovation and coordinating development of water, economy, and ecology in arid region in Northwest of China.