The Present Status and Future Trend of Research of Gold in Coal
Received date: 2010-03-03
Revised date: 2010-04-14
Online published: 2010-08-10
Sources of gold continue to attract great attention because of the value of the metal. Concentration of gold in various geological environment occurs mainly in quartz and quartz-carbonate veins, sulphide-bearing shear zones, carbonate-rich aureoles, hydrothermal systems, carbon-rich sediments, banded iron formations and cherts, alluvial and fanglomerate placers, etc. The anomalous concentration of gold has been discovered in coal, which attracts increasing attention. The potential economic significance of enriched gold in coal suggests another way to obtain gold in industry. Based on detailed analysis of related references about gold in coal, the paper introduces the content, distribution, accumulation cuases and industrial prospect of gold in coal, and specifically discusses the geologic mechanisms of enriched gold in coal. After the studies of gold in coal in the world, it is found that gold has a lower abundance in most coals throughout the world. However, anomalous gold content was found in some coals. Three main mechanisms were proved in the gold accumulation: the gold can be supplied into the peat bog by the fragmental material as suspensions and atmospheric dust falls; the anomalous gold concentrations in coals make it possible to suggest a biogenic-sorptive mechanism of Au concentration; and partly due to the capillary uptake of the ground water and extraction of nutritive matters by plant root system from the underlying soils, it is possible to conclude that ground water is the main source of gold. Plants extract the ionic gold from the underlying water horizons. After the burning of coal residuum, the gold will be secondary enrichment several times more or even tens of times more in the crude coal, and will reach gold production level. Finally, some areas for further research are suggested. The mechanisms of Au migration and concentration will be studied durning the coal processing and utilization. It is necessary and forward-looking work to develop the technology of extracting gold from coal, which is also a basis for geologic and economic evaluation of associated gold in coal. Because gold is a trace element in coal, the determining methods are very importance, which will directly influence the result. The author suggests two determining methods, one being the neutron activation analysis, the other being plasma mass spectrometer. The author also points out that the energy spectrum scanning electronic microscope is playing important role in studying the Au occurring shape in coal.
Key words： Coal; Trace elements; Gold in coal
Zhu Yanming, Chen Shangbin, Wang Daohua, Cao Xinkuan, Li Wu . The Present Status and Future Trend of Research of Gold in Coal[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2010 , 25(8) : 794 -799 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.08.0794
[1] Chou Chenglin. Geologic characteristics of sulfur in coals and development of the clean coal technologies[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1999, 6(suppl.): 23-27.[周诚林. Geologic characteristics of sulfur in coals and development of the clean coal technologies[J]. 地学前缘, 1999, 6(增刊): 23-27.]
[2] Ren Deyi,Zhao Fenghua, Zhang Junying,et al. A preliminary study on genetic type of enrichment for hazardous minor and trace elements in coal[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1999, 6(suppl.): 17-21.[任德贻, 赵峰华, 张军营,等. 煤中有害微量元素富集的成因类型初探[J]. 地学前缘, 1999, 6(增刊):17-21.][3] Liu Guijian, Peng Zicheng, Wang Guiliang, et al. Study on trace elements in coal[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002, 17(1): 53-61. [刘桂建, 彭子成, 王桂梁, 等. 煤中微量元素研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(1): 53-61.]
[4] Liu Dameng, Liu Zhihua, Li Yunyong. Advances in studies of harmful substances in coal and their impact on the environment[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2002, 17(6): 840-847.[刘大锰, 刘志华, 李运勇. 煤中有害物质及其对环境的影响研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(6): 840-847.]
[5] Dai Shifeng, Ren Deyi, Tang Yuegang, et al. Concentration and distribution of elements in late Permian coals from western Guizhou province, China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005, 61:119-137.
[6] Robert B F, Philip J A. Concentration of some platinum-group metals in coal[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,1981, 1: 95-99.
[7] Chyi L L. The Distribution of gold and platinum in bituminous coal[J].Economic Geology,1982, 77: 1 592-1 597.
[8] Seredin V V. Rare earth element bearing coals from the Russian far east deposits[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1996, 30: 101-129.
[9] Seredin V V, Povarennykh M Y. First finding of platinum minerals in coals[J].Fuel and Energy Abstracts,1997, 38: 155.
[10] Van der FlierKeller E.Platinum-group elements in Tulameen coal, British Columbia[J].Canada, Economic Geology, 1991, 86: 387-395.
[11] Li Shengsheng, Zhang Junying, Ren Deyi, et al. Discovery and geological significance of platinum group elementsin coals from southwestern Guizhou[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technolog,2002, 31(3): 258-261.[李生盛, 张军营, 任德贻,等. 黔西南煤中铂族元素的发现及其地质意义[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2002, 31(3): 258-261.]
[12] Seredin V V. Gold and PGE in germanium coal deposits: Modes of occurrence, accumulation conditions, prospecting perspectives[C]//Moscow: Geology, Genesis and Questions of Prospecting of Complex Deposits of Noble Metals. Materials of AllRussian Symposium, 2002: 374-379.
[13] Dai Shifeng, Ren Deyi, Zhang Junying, et al.Occurrence and origin of platinum group elements in coals in west Guizhou province and north China[J]. Geological Review,2003, 49(4): 439-443.[代世峰, 任德贻, 张军营, 等. 华北与黔西地区晚古生代煤层中铂族元素赋存状态及来源[J]. 地质论评, 2003, 49(4): 439-443.]
[14] Dai S F , Ren D Y, Zhang J Y, et al.Concentrations and origins of platinum group elements in Late Paleozoie coals of China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2003, 55: 59-70.
[15] Yang Jianye.Modes of occurrence and geological origins of noble metal elements in Late Permian coals from the Pu′an coalfield, Guizhou province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2007, 28(3): 277-282.[杨建业. 贵州普安矿区晚二叠世煤中贵金属元素的赋存状态和地质成因[J]. 地球学报, 2007, 28(3): 277-282.]
[16] Dai Shifeng, Ren Deyi, Li Dan, et al.Mineralogical anomalies and their in fluences on elemental geochemistry of the main workable coal beds from the dafang Coalfield, Guizhou, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2006, 80(4): 589-596. [代世峰, 任德贻, 李丹, 等. 贵州大方煤田主采煤层的矿物学异常及其对元素地球化学的影响[J]. 地质学报, 2006, 80(4): 589-596.]
[17] Finkelman R B. Trace and minor elements in coal[C]//Engel M H, Macko S A, eds. Organic Geochem Istry. New York:Plenum, 1993:593-607.
[18] Stone R W. Coal near the Black Hills, Wyoming-South Dakota[J].U.S. Geology Survey Bulletin,1912,499: 62.
[19] Yudovich Ya E, Ketris M P. Gold in coals[J].Lithogenesis and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Formations of the Timan Ural Region,2004, 5:80-109.
[20] Rudniek R L, Gao S. Composition of the Continental Crust[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004: 1-64.
[21] Taylor S R, Mclennan S M. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution[M]. Oxford, Unite Kingdom: Blackwell, 1985: 312.
[22] Tang Xiuyi,Huang Wenhui. Trace Elements in Coal of China[M]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 2004.[唐修义, 黄文辉. 中国煤中微量元素[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2004.]
[23] Swaine D J.Trace Elements in Coal[M]. London: Butterworths, 1990: 278.
[24] Gayer R, Rickard D. Colloform gold in coal from southern Wales[J]. Geology,1994, 22: 35-38.
[25] Boyle R W. The geochemistry of gold and its deposits[J].Geological Society of Canada Bulletin,1979, 780: 584.
[26] Wedepohl K H. Handbook of Geochemistry[M]. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag,1978.
[27] Zhao Jiyao, Tang Xiuyi, Huang Wenhui. Abundance of trace elements in coal of China[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2002, 14 (suppl.): 5-13.[赵继尧, 唐修义, 黄文辉. 中国煤中微量元素的丰度[J]. 中国煤田地质, 2002, 14(增刊): 5-13.]
[28] Arbuzov S I, Rikhvanov L P, Maslov S G, et al. Anomalous gold contents in brown coals and peat in the south-eastern region of the Western-Siberian platform[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2006, 68: 127-134.
[29] Arbuzov S I, Maslov S G, Rihvanov L P, et al. Forms of gold concentrating in coals[J]. Geology and Protection of the Earth Bowels,2003, 3:15-20.
[30] Bao Zhiwei, Zhao Zhenhua. Role of organic matter in the carln-type gold mineralization[J]. Geological Science and Technology Infromation,2000, 19(2): 45-50. [包志伟, 赵振华. 有机质在卡林型金矿成矿过程中的作用[J]. 地质科技情报, 2000, 19(2): 45-50.]
[31] Liu Jinzhong, Fu Jiamo, Lu Jiacan. The experiment study for function of organie matter in genesis of some sedimentary-reworked ore[J]. Scince in China(Series B),1993, 23 (9) : 993-1 000.[刘金钟, 傅家漠, 卢家灿. 有机质在沉积改造型金矿成矿中作用的实验研究[J]. 中国科学:B辑, 1993, 23(9): 993-1 000.]
[32] Bernatonis V K, Arhipov V S, Zdvigkov M A, et al. Geochemistry of Plants and Peat of the Great Vassyugan Moor. Great Vassyugan Moor[M].Tomsk, Russia: Modern State and Processes of Development, 2002: 204-215.
[33] Skacklette H T, Lakin H W, Hubert A E, et al.Absorption of gold by plants[J].U.S. Geology Survey Bulletin, 1970: 1 314-B：B1-B23.
[34] Varshal G M, Velyuhanova T K, Korochantsev A V. About connection of sorptive capacity of organic matter of rocks with its structure with respect to noble metals[J]. Geochemistry,1995, 8: 1 191-1 198 (in Russia).
[35] Ding Z, Zheng B, Zhang J, et al.Geological and geochemical characteristics of high arsenic coals from endemic arsenosis areas in southwestern Guizhou province, China[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2001, 16:1 353-1 360.
[36] Goldhaber M B, Hatch J R, Pashin J C, et al. Anomalous arsenic and fluorine concentrations in Carboniferous coal, Black Warrior basin, Alabama: Evidence for fluid expulsion during Alleghanian thrusting[J]. Geological Social American Abstract, 1997,Abstract with programs V.24:A-51.
[37] Goldhaber M B, Irwin E R, Atkins J B, et al. Environmental impact of elevated arsenic in southern Appalachian basin coals[J]. Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine,2000, 6: 38-40.
[38] Chyi L L, Chen C H. Technology of Callback Noble Metal from Residua in Burning Coal[M]. State Intellectual Property Office of People′s Republic of China: Intellectual Property Press, 2002,11.[Chyi L L, Chen C H. 燃煤炉渣中回收贵金属技术[M]. 中华人民共和国国家知识产权局: 知识产权出版社, 2002, 11.]
[39] Gao Jianfeng, Qi Liang. The determination of platinum group elements in Coal: The discussion with Dai Shifeng, Li Shengshen[J]. Geological Review, 2007,53(2): 151,272.[高剑峰, 漆亮. 煤中铂族元素含量测定——与代世峰, 李生盛等人商榷[J]. 地质论评, 2007,53(2): 151,272.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
