Turbulence Flux Measurements under Complicated Conditions
Received date: 2007-05-10
Revised date: 2007-06-27
Online published: 2007-08-10
With the increasing awareness of environmental problems, the interest in carbon dioxide, water vapor, momentum and energy fluxes between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere has increased rapidly since last one or two decades. The need for measuring turbulent fluxes over different surfaces and under varying weather conditions is indispensable for the discussion of global change. Global FLUXNET and other research programs have built a large number of flux stations all over the world with using eddy covariance method as the predominant technique in the fluxes measurement and analysis. There have been now over a few hundreds of relevent measurement systems in China. Eddy covariance method seems simple. However, to obtain rather accurate and representative fluxes is dependent on many issues, particularly in difficult conditions. Eddy covariance method is a basic principle and application of atmospheric boundary layer meteorology. Compared to international progresses,there have been less relerant researches in China in recent years in such fields as the establishment of standard data processing and data quality control / quality assessment systems, and particularly the challenge for fluxes measurement in complex terrain, patched vegetation, and unfavorable meteorological conditions. A data processing system based on recommendations of FLUXNET under simpler conditions, needs to be built at first. Besides, due to more complicated (difficult) conditions in the world, there is a great need to widen the application of the eddy covariance flux measurement technique to complex surfaces. Recently, two tasks are in progress:(1) To clarify the terrain effects through careful investigation from flat to rolling terrain and to more complex landscape;(2) To better understand the flux exchange at night and week turbulence conditions by investigating “intermittent turbulence” and “flow separation” at first, for instance, at Dayekou flux station in Qilian mountain, west China.
WANG Jie-min, WANG Wei-zhen, AO Yin-huan, SUN Fang-lin, WANG Shu-guo . Turbulence Flux Measurements under Complicated Conditions[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2007 , 22(8) : 791 -797 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.08.0791
[1]Wang Jiemin. Land surface process experiments and interaction study in China—From HEIFE to IMGRASS and GAME-Tibet/ TIPEX[J].Plateau Meteorology,1999, 18(3): 280-294.[王介民. 陆面过程实验和地气相互作用研究——从HEIFE到IMGRASS和GAME-Tibet/ TIPEX [J].高原气象,1999,18(3):280-294.]
[2]Baldocchi D, Falge E, Gu L, et al.FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities[J].Bulletin of Americon Meteorology Society,2001,82(11):2 415-2 434.
[3]Feigenwinter C, Bernhofer C, Vogt R. The influence of advection on the short term CO2 budget in and above a forest canopy[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2004,113:201-224.
[4]Culf D, Foken T, Gash J. The energy balance closure problem[C]//Kabat, eds. Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate: A New Perspective on An Interactive System. Berlin: Springer,2004:159-166.
[5]Goulden M, Munger J, Fan S, et al. Measurements of carbon sequestration by long-term eddy covariance: Methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy[J].Global Change Biology,1996, 2:169-182.
[6]Schmid Hans P. Footprint modeling for vegetation atmosphere exchange studies: A review and perspective[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113:159-183.
[7]Baldocchi Dennis. Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: Past, present and future[J].Global Change Biology,2003, 9(4): 479-492.
[8]Paw U, Baldocchi D, Meyers T, et al. Correction of eddy-covariance measurements incoperating both advective effcts and density fluxes[J].Boundary-Layer meteorology,2000, 97(3): 487-511.
[9]Munger J, Loescher H.Guidelines for making eddy covariance flux measurements[EB/OL].http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/sop.shtml,2006.
[10]Lee X, Massman M, Law B, eds. Handbook of Micrometeorology: A Guide for Surface Flux Measurement and Analysis[M]. Boston:Kluwer Academic, 2004.
[11]Wang Jiemin, Liu Xiaohu, Qi Yongqiang. A preliminary study of turbulent transfer characteristics in Gobi area by using eddy-correlation technique[J].Plateau Meteorology,1990,9(2):120-129.[王介民,刘晓虎,祁永强.应用涡旋相关方法对戈壁地区湍流输送特征的初步研究[J]. 高原气象,1990, 9(2):120-129.]
[12]Wang Jiemin, Mitsuta Yasushi. Peculiar downward water vapor flux over Gobi desert in the daytime[J].Journal Meteorology Society Japan,1990, 68(3):399-401.
[13]Foken T, Gockede M, Mauder M,et al.Post-field data quality control[C]//Lee X, Massman M, Law B, eds. Handbook of Micrometeorology: A Guide for Surface Flux Measurement and Analysis. Boston:Kluwer Academic, 2004:181-208.
[14]Yu Guirui, Zhang Leiming, Sun Xiaomin,et al.The progress of observational study in Asian land ecosystem carbon fluxes[J].Science in China(Series D),2004,34(suppl.II):15-29.[于贵瑞,张雷明,孙晓敏,等.亚洲区域陆地生态系统碳通量的观测研究进展[J]. 中国科学:D辑,2004,34(增刊Ⅱ): 15-29.]
[15]Yu Guirui,Wen Xuefa,Sun Xiaomin,et al.Overview of ChinaFLUX and evaluation of its eddy covariance measurement[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,137:125-137.
[16]Sun Xiaomin, Zhu Zhilin, Wen Xuefa, et al.The impact of averaging period on eddy fluxes observed at ChinaFLUX sites[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006,137:188-193.
[17]Yu Guirui, Sun Xiaomin. Principle and Methods in the Observation of Land Ecosystem Fluxes[M].Beijing: Higher Education Press,2006.[于贵瑞,孙晓敏. 陆地生态系统通量观测的原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.]
[18]Ma Yaoming, Yao Tandong, Wang Jiemin,et al.The study on the land surface heat fluxes over heterogeneous landscape of Tibetan Plateau[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(12):1 215-1 223.[马耀明,姚檀栋,王介民,等.青藏高原复杂地表能量通量研究[J]. 地球科学进展,2006,21(12):1 215-1 223.]
[19]Liu Huizhi, Tu Gang, Dong Wenjie,et al. Diurnal and seasonal variation of surface water vapor and CO2 fluxes in semi-arid region[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2006,30:108-118. [刘辉志,涂钢,董文杰,等.半干旱地区地气界面水汽和CO2通量的日变化及季节变化[J]. 大气科学,2006,30:108-118.]
[20]Hu Fei, Hong Zhongxiang, Chen Jiayi,et al. A synthetic observational study on heterogeneous atmospheric boundary layer in Baiyangdian lake area[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2006, 30: 884-893.[胡非,洪钟祥,陈家宜,等.白洋淀地区非均匀大气边界层的综合观测研究[J]. 大气科学,2006,30:884-893.]
[21]Bian L, Gao Z, Xu X, et al.Measurements of turbulence transfer in the near-surface layer ovr the southeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2002,102:281-300.
[22]Gao Zhiqiu. Determination of soil heat flux in a Tibetan short-grass prairie[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2005,114:165-178.
[23]Cai X, Zhang R, Yan L. A large-eddy simulation and Lagrangian stochastic study of heavy particle dispersion in the convective boundary layer[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2006,120:413-435.
[24]Chen Jiayi, Fan Shaohua, Zhao Chuanfeng, et al.The underestimation in eddy covariance flux measurements[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2006,30:423-432.[陈家宜,范邵华,赵传峰,等.涡旋相关法测定湍流通量偏低的研究[J].大气科学,2006,30:423-432.]
[25]Turnipseed A A,Anderson D E, Blanken P D, et al.Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain Part 1. Canopy and local effects[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2003,119:1-21.
[26]Geissbuhler P, Siegwolf R, Eugster W. Eddy covariance measurements on Mountain slope: The advantage of surface-normal sensor orientation over a vertical set-up[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2000,96:371-392.
[27]Saigusa N, Yamamoto S, Murayama S, et al. Inter-annual variability of carbon budget components in an AsiaFlux site estimated by long-term flux measurements[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,134:4-16.
/
〈 |
|
〉 |