Along with the strengthening of the research of palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment, the “climate analysis of endemic species” method has become one of efficient methods that can reconstruct palaeoclimate quantitatively. The compression of fossil Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney in the Xia' nanshan Formation of the Miocene in Tiantai, Zhejiang province, China, was analyzed by this method, and the leaf architecture and cuticular structure of the fossil were studied. The mean annual temperature 12.5～22.1℃ and the spring temperature 13.0～23.1℃ in the Miocene of Eastern Zhejiang were quantitatively reconstructed. As a result, the palaeoclimate of the Miocene was warmer than that of today. Fossil Betula mioluminifera had been found in the Neogene in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Shandong and Yunnan Provinces in China, and the northern boundary of its natural distribution is 42°N. The living Betula luminifera is the nearest living relative species of fossil Betula mioluminifera and is also an endemic species in China. It grows from 500~1 800 m above sea level, within the geographic range from 101°E to 119°E and 23°N to 34°N. The decrease of distribution range of Betula luminifera shows a gradual cool climate trend gradually in some time of the Miocene.