Climate change has been the top focus among the global environmental problems, and also attracts the interests of international society in recent decades. The key is how to achieve the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Therefore, the new ideas and new technologies have been proposed to achieve the above objective in the world. The CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) is a technology for the separation, capture, transportation and storage of carbon dioxide. The scientific methodology of CCS, including the concept, system, and technological potential as well as environmental, economical and social factors are summarized in this paper. Furthermore, the impacts on energy and economy in China are also analyzed. In the end, some suggestions on the research and capacity building of CCS in China are given.