Since pre-industrial times, the concentration of atmospheric aerosols increase obviously. Aerosols influence the energy budget of earth-atmosphere system directly by absorbing and back-scattering incoming solar radiation, and indirectly by changing the magnitude of other radiative forcing factors, such as cloud, ozone, et al. Recent studies present that anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing is comparable but opposite in sign to the current greenhouse forcing caused by increase of CO₂ and then reduce the warming tendency by increased greenhouse gases in region and in globe, and play an important role in climate change. In this paper, we introduce the advance in the study of aerosol radiative forcing and its climate response.