Projecting future global urbanization pathways and their impacts on climate change is essential for effectively addressing climate change and promoting sustainable regional and global development. To this end, the National Key Research and Development Program’s project, “Global Urbanization Trend and its Impact on Climate Change” simulates the spatial and temporal patterns of global urbanization patterns from 2020 to 2070 under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) framework and quantitatively evaluates the impact of urbanization on regional and global climate change. This provides crucial datasets for revealing the impact of urbanization on regional and global climate change at multiple scales. The findings are of great significance to the realization of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. They also provide a scientific foundation for the construction of green and healthy cities, as well as a scientific reference for optimizing urban morphology and mitigating the urban heat island effect.