Advances in Earth Science ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 126-137. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.014

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Artificial Fog Dissipation Research Progress

Xiaofeng LOU1,2(), Tiantian WANG1,2, Lijun GUO1,2, Xu ZHOU1,2, Jiming LI1,2   

  1. 1.Weather Modification Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
    2.CMA Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification (CPML), Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-12-06 Revised:2025-01-13 Online:2025-02-10 Published:2025-04-17
  • Contact: Xiaofeng LOU E-mail:louxf@cma.gov.cn
  • About author:LOU Xiaofeng, research areas include cloud precipitation physics and weather modification research. E-mail: louxf@cma.gov.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42475205);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1308200);The Innovation Foundation of CPML/CMA(2023CPML-C04)

Xiaofeng LOU, Tiantian WANG, Lijun GUO, Xu ZHOU, Jiming LI. Artificial Fog Dissipation Research Progress[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2025, 40(2): 126-137.

Since 1958, China has conducted numerous artificial fog dissipation field experiments and research. This paper summarizes the classification and characteristics of fog as well as the mechanisms and methods of artificial fog dissipation. Fog areas in China are extensively distributed, with obvious seasonal differences. Land fog is mostly radiation fog, whereas sea fog is distributed in foggy areas along the coast, and its formation and dissipation are restricted by various conditions. The methods and technical approaches for artificial warm and cold fog dissipation were determined. The dissipation methods for warm fog include heating, dynamic mixing, thermodynamic methods, and hygroscopic particle seeding; whereas the dissipation methods for cold fog include seeding silver iodide of ice nucleating agents and spraying refrigerants. Other methods such as ultrasound are currently being researched and tested. The applicability, advantages, disadvantages, and uncertainties of these seeding methods were analyzed. The applicability of the fog dissipation methods varies. When applying these methods, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the technical approaches, implementation challenges, cost-effectiveness, and fog dissipation efficacy in field trials and operational applications. Aircraft-induced downdraft mixing is a simple, expensive, and operationally challenging process for warm fog. Thermal heating is universally applicable to all warm fog types but is cost-prohibitive and reserved for emergencies or critical infrastructure (e.g., major international airports and vital seaports), particularly for high-temperature fog. For cold fog, silver iodide seeding exhibits poor nucleation efficiency at temperatures around -5 ℃ (optimal below -8 ℃), necessitating cooling agents like liquid nitrogen, dry ice, and propane. Despite its high cost, liquid-nitrogen seeding is preferred operationally owing to its reliability and ease of deployment.All the current methods can dissipate local small-range warm or cold fog, but none can dissipate large-scale fog systems. A comprehensive analysis of fog dissipation provided ideas and references for artificial fog dissipation experiments, seeding operations, and future development in China. Future research should integrate numerical modeling, laboratory experiments, and field trials to validate and optimize seeding techniques and enhance the operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

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