In the context of the Anthropocene crisis, studying the impact of human activities on the Earth's ecological environment is crucial. Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particles (SCPs), novel markers of human activity in geological records, originate from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels at high industrial temperatures. With advancements in global industrialization, SCPs research and applications have become increasingly important. This study systematically reviews the research history and characteristics of SCPs, highlighting their stable chemical properties, unique morphological features, and easy accessibility, which make them a unique component of black carbon research. It then summarizes the significant applications of SCPs in reflecting regional environmental pollution, aiding in sediment dating and tracing atmospheric pollution sources. This study also identified the shortcomings of SCPs research, such as human error in identification, the relative scarcity of research records in the Southern Hemisphere and outside lakes, unclear potential hazards in ecosystems, and the influence of various factors on their application in sediment dating. In the future, it will be necessary to establish identification and reference standards for SCPs using online databases; explore their ecological and environmental significance in recording human activities on a global scale; and determine stable, reliable, and comparable regional SCP chronologies to further refine and deepen the current research.