Carbon peaking and neutrality involve the interaction between the Earth’s natural environment and the human economic system, reflecting the coordinated development of the human-earth system. Geography, with the human-earth system at its research core, provides important theoretical support in studying carbon peaking and neutrality. Based on the goal-oriented thinking of “discipline branch-data method-research object-result contribution” we reviewed and summarized the literature on carbon peaking and neutrality published by mainstream geography journals and scholars in China since 2000: \mathrm{①} The research themes of carbon peaking and neutrality under different geography branches. Physical geography focuses on anthropogenic and natural carbon sources and changes in carbon sinks, focusing on the spatial and temporal variation of carbon emissions and the formation mechanism. Information geography focuses on constructing carbon datasets with high spatial and temporal resolution and developing spatial analysis tools. \mathrm{②} Carbon accounting methods include the emission factor, actual measurement, input-output, and remote sensing estimation methods. Carbon data sources include socioeconomic statistics, remote-sensing satellite monitoring data, new data sources, and databases. Geographic analysis models were used to describe the spatial distribution patterns of carbon sources and sinks. \mathrm{③} Carbon peaking and neutrality research from the perspective of geography are divided into spatial objects and activity objects, the former focusing on the spatial characteristics and patterns of carbon sources and sinks at different scales, such as micro, meso, and macro; the latter focusing on the geographical distribution of carbon sources and sinks generated by energy, industry, agriculture, land use change, and forestry activities. \mathrm{④} Geography’s contribution to carbon peaking and neutrality includes spatial differentiation of low-carbon governance by the law of geospatial differentiation, low-carbon national land by the composite system of “economy-society-ecology,” spatial pattern optimization, and coordination of the human-earth system of the regional low-carbon actor governance network. Finally, future directions for carbon peaking and neutrality research from the perspective of geography are proposed in terms of data development, methodological models, decision-making, and global contexts to provide a reference for geography to serve the goals of carbon peaking and neutrality.