Tropical Cyclones (TCs) are meteorological phenomena that affect middle and low latitudes worldwide. This paper systematically summarizes and reviews the research progress on the main characteristics, potential influencing factors, and influencing mechanisms of TCs at home and abroad, and summarizes and analyzes their changing trends under the climate background of GW. With the significant increase in global temperature, the sources and tracks of global TCs have shifted poleward, with a slight increase in translation speed, decrease in frequency, and increase in intensity; however, there are significant differences in each ocean. This paper focuses on reviewing the effects of volcanic activity, El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), solar radiation, Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and aerosols on TC activity. Volcanic eruptions release a large amount of aerosols in the stratosphere, thereby reducing sea surface temperature and negatively affecting TCs. However, there are regional variations in this mechanism. ENSO and PDO modulate the global TC activity through teleconnections, while changes in solar activity and ITCZ are also associated with TC activity. Aerosols have opposite influence mechanisms on TCs at different development stages. Due to the lack of time length and the coarse resolution of most surrogate indicators of instrumental TC data, research on the impact of potential influencing factors on TCs under long-term climate fluctuations is severely restricted. In the future, we should be able to quantify the history of storm activities by finding high-resolution record carriers, thereby further analyzing the relationships between TCs and potential influencing factors, and improving our understanding of the change mechanism in TC activity under the influence of climate fluctuations.