Pamir hosts numerous surge-type glaciers. Currently, research on surge-type glaciers in this area is mainly focused on the inventorying and reporting of glacier surges, but a detailed description of surge characteristics and control mechanisms is still lacking. Landsat, Sentinel-1A, TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X, and other multi-source remote sensing data were used to monitor detailed changes in surface velocity, elevation, and surface morphology during the surge process of the southern tributary of the Gando glacier. The results show that the southern tributary of the Gando glacier began to accelerate slowly prior to November 2014 and then gradually pushed downstream. After a four-year slow acceleration period, it entered a rapid movement period in the summer of 2018. During the rapid movement period, the maximum velocity reached 4.6 m/d, and a large amount of glacial material quickly migrated from the upstream to the downstream, resulting in a significant increase in thickness at the end of the southern tributary and the middle and upper reaches of the glacier tongue, with a maximum thickening of approximately 120 m, a significant decrease in the elevation of the middle and upper reaches of the southern tributary (accumulation area), and a maximum thinning of approximately 60 m. By the winter of 2021, the flow velocity in the southern tributary began to decrease significantly. According to the characteristics of surface velocity and elevation changes of the southern tributary, the surge thermal control of the southern tributary is more likely. In addition, we found that the trunk of the Gando glacier surged from 2010 to 2011 and may be mainly controlled by subglacial hydrology. Combined with the existing data, we infer that the surge-cycle duration is approximately 19 years and that of the southern tributary is approximately 30 years.