Oxygen cycle is one of the essential global biogeochemical cycles on Earth， and the change of oxygen cycle is of great importance to the Earth habitability. Since the industrialization， due to anthropogenic disturbance， such as land use change and fossil fuel combustion， modern oxygen cycle has undergone drastic changes compared with the cycle in geologic time scale. As a consequence， modern oxygen cycle provides an innovate view on studying the response of Earth system to climate change and human activities， which has aroused the concern of the academic community. Terrestrial oxygen cycle processes， such as terrestrial ecosystem oxygen production and fuels combustion consumption， are important components of modern oxygen cycle. In the recent years， as the improvement of observing methods and biogeochemical models simulation， the key terrestrial oxygen cycle processes are better understood and estimated. By reviewing the previous studies on key terrestrial processes oxygen fluxes， the methods to estimate or observe the terrestrial oxygen fluxes are summarized， and the main terrestrial oxygen fluxes distribution patterns are presented. The change of terrestrial oxygen budget can directly influence the atmospheric oxygen concentration level through the change in consuming or producing oxygen， therefore playing essential roles in predicting future atmospheric oxygen concentration change. Also the indexes based on terrestrial oxygen cycle processes， such as oxygen footprint index and ecosystem security index， can reflect interactions among different Earth system components and exhibit the responses of ecosystem to climate change and anthropogenic activities， which help to evaluate the security of terrestrial ecosystem. Reviewing the advances in research of terrestrial oxygen processes can improve the understanding of modern oxygen cycle and explore the responses of terrestrial oxygen cycle processes to climate change and human beings activities. This can be helpful to predict the future variation in atmospheric oxygen concentrations and make developmental policies.