In order to further study the formation mechanism of high-quality reservoirs and the accurate prediction of dominant seepage channels in exploration and development stages， on the basis of systematic investigation of the research results on the anomalously high porosity and permeability reservoirs at home and abroad. the existing problems and future trends of the formation mechanism of abnormally high porosity and permeability zones are discussed.The results show that： ① mechanical and chemical compaction is the main mechanism of porosity and permeability decrease；② the chlorite and microcrystalline quartz coating with optimum thickness formed at the early stage of diagenesis can inhibit the cementation to some extent， followed by illite coating；③ fluid overpressure in the early stage of diagenesis can protect reservoir porosity by inhibiting mechanical compaction； ④ early hydrocarbon emplacement may inhibit the cementation （quartz， carbonate， etc.） by interfering with the source （material supply）， transport and precipitation of cements； ⑤ the maximum value of secondary pores caused by secondary dissolution is closely related to fluid properties， flow rate of fluid， transport mechanism of fluid， rock and mineral types， content and other factors. From the perspective of petroleum geology， it is a very important development trend to quantitatively and thoroughly study the difference and complementarity of the effect of different geological factors on reservoir porosity and permeability by combining the interdisciplinary unique advantages and characteristic research methods in the future. It is very important for geologists to finish the establishment of quantitative model of effective identification， simulation and prediction of “Diversity controlling reservoir action” of different geological factors in different geological periods. It can provide important basic theoretical support for the next step in the future. At the same time， it can well promote the intersection and integration of superior technology and methods of different disciplines in the immediate future.