This contribution attempts to summarize the principles, sample preparation, analytical procedures, influencing factors, and geological applications of Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (RSCM) thermometry. Irreversible graphitization of carbonaceous material in sedimentary rocks occurs during the process of reaching peak metamorphic temperature and can be effectively quantified by Raman spectroscopy. However, in addition to temperature, other factors, such as structural and compositional heterogeneity of carbonaceous materials, structural damage caused by polishing, wavelength and energy of laser used for analyses, hematite content,etc., also have significant influence on the Raman signals of carbonaceous materials. Therefore, fresh samples should be collected for analyses to eliminate the influence of hematite. Further, standard experimental procedure should be practiced to avoid the effects of polishing and laser parameter setups. Additionally, multiple (usually more than 25) analyses per sample should be carried out for deriving statistical average and uncertainty values so as to minimize the influence of sample heterogeneity. RSCM thermometry is applicable to a temperature range between 100~700 ℃, and has been widely used in many fields of geological studies, including metamorphism and deformation of orogens, sediment burial history, fault gouge characteristics and evolution, and maturation grade of carbonaceous materials,etc.