With the intensification of urbanization and global warming, the problems of urban thermal environment are increasingly prominent. On the basis of the remote sensing, geographic information system, geostatistics and multiscale spatial pattern, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of land surface temperature in urban thermal environment were quantitatively analyzed. The results are as follows: \mathrm{①} Dramatic changes in land use/land cover had occurred from 1993 to 2016 in the study area. The net increase area of construction land was 1 231.04 km², with a change rate of 295.33%. Cultivated land was occupied by construction land. \mathrm{②} The area of middle, sub-high and high temperature zones spread to the surrounding areas gradually with the Minjiang River. The area of sub-low and low temperature zones decreased markedly. \mathrm{③} From 1993 to 2016, the contribution of land surface temperature in different urban districts had the characteristics of uneven spatial and temporal distribution. Meanwhile, there was a positive contribution in the process of land surface temperature rise in Fuzhou while there was a negative contribution in Minqing and Yongtai. Forest/grassland, cultivated land, water body and wetland had a negative contribution during land surface temperature rise while construction land contributed positively. \mathrm{④} According to the multi-distance spatial cluster analysis (Ripley's K function), there was a certain scale in the aggregation and dispersion of land surface temperature, in which the aggregation range and degree of aggregation increased in the study area in 24 years.