Urban heat island (UHI) effect has been the focus on the research of global and regional climate change.In this study, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature products and their corresponding datasets of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)and Reflectance products acquired from 2001 to 2012 in Beijing were selected as the data sources to support the method of constructing surface temperature time series. Validation with in situ meteorological datasets revealed that the method of constructing surface temperature time series was applicable and feasible with high accuracy, and eventually quantization scheme of the UHI intensity was given. Statistical model X-11-ARIMA was selected to decompose and analyze the UHI time series. Results indicate that when using the average temperature difference between urban and rural areas as an index, Beijing UHI intensity shows obvious seasonal characteristics, which are closely related to urban and rural land use status, seasonal surface coverage, thermal characteristics of ground objects, and climate factors. In the meantime, cycle trend features are associated with urban expansion. When using the average temperature difference between urban, where UHI has occurred, and rural areas as an index, cycle trend features have a stable performance. The irregular factors extracted by time series modeling analysis make the quantitative study on the accidental factors influence the urban heat island possible.