The discovery of the chemosynthetic symbioses between marine invertebrates and bacteria revolutionized our understanding of the energy sources that fuel primary productivity in the deep sea. Chemosynthetic host were classified within four major group including Ciliophora，Mollusca，Annelida and Arthropoda; Symbiotic invertebrates with anatomical adaptations of chemosynthetic associations are usually characterized by rudimentary or absent digestive system. Effective behavioural and physiological strategies are also used by animals to supply their symbionts with both reductants and oxidants. All the symbionts are Gram negative bacteria, and clustered in two different branches related to symbiont type in the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, distinct differences in morphology were also observed between the two groups. The transmission and evolution strategy utilized by symbionts have been inferred from phylogenetic evidence. Interaction between the symbiotic system and environment will finally influence the evolution of ecosystem. Some hot spots were mentioned including the research of ‘moics’ and metabolic pathways for both the symbionts and their hosts.