QinghaiTibet Plateau is representative highaltitude permafrost region on the earth. Along with the operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, a new round of economic development in Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region has emerged, which need construction of highway, power transmission line and oil/gas pipeline. These proposed projects and already existed projects, including QinghaiTibet Railway, Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Golmud-Lhasa oil product pipeline, and optical cable from Lanzhou to Lhasa, are all located in the QinghaiTibet engineering corridor, which is not wide than 10 km. In this corridor, influences between proposed and existed projects and coupling of multifactors will accelerate the permafrost degradation, and consequently undermine the stability of these projects and ecological environment, especially along with climate change. To meet the national needs, “Basic Research on the Major Permafrost Projects in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”, a project of National Basic Research Program of China, was initiated in April, 2012. The aim of this project is to reveal the spacetime revolution of permafrost and permafrostrelated hazards under the scenarios of climate change and intensive engineering activity, construct an evaluation system on stability and service ability of permafrost engineering, and propose a preventative theory and control measures on permafrost engineering hazard, and finally provide scientific guidelines on prearranging plan on permafrost engineering hazard and on construction of major permafrost engineering in the future.