The present research shows that life exists in subglacial environment. Biogeochemistry process, by means of its unique view, which combines the biology with the geochemistry, provides a new way to explain the existence of microbe in subglacial environment and their impact on the global climate change. At present, the study of  the subglacial life mostly focuses on the temperature glaciers and polythermal glaciers, whereas on cold-based glaciers, the studies of  the origination of life, the living conditions, the energy transform, the distribution characteristics, as well as the characterization of microbial community, are all at the preparatory stage. Based on the elucidation of the development of chemical weathering mechanism, this paper reviewc the latest progress of research in the application of biogeochemistry to explore the subglacial environment. Additionally, Future studies regarding the microbial survival in subglacial environment, the release of greenhouse, paleoclimate mutation exploration, and life exploration in other planet are discussed and recommended.