The intrinsic coupling of organic matter production and calcification in marine living coccolithophorid (LC) blooms underlines their biogeochemical importance in the marine carbon cycle. This intimate coupling of the two pumps, “organic carbon pump (OCP)” and “carbonate counter pump (CCP)” in LC, has been considered to be responsible for regulating the atmospheric p(CO2), thus affect the global climate change (GCC). The effects of CCP on GCC have been reported, especially on CCP processes. It include physiological base of CCP, coupling mechanism of calcification and photosynthesis, and its changes under GCC. Progress and prospect of LC study in China Sea Waters were reported. The South China Sea (SCS) tentatively be chosen as typical study area, three objects was selected: (1) biogeography of LC in SCS; (2) physiological ecological study of keystone species Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica on CCP and OCP processes; (3) Increased CO2, temperature and light conditions affect the nature phytoplankton community development in SCS; (4) Ecological modeling study coupling of CCP and OCP.