The concept of security has been redefined since the 1990s. As one of the important factors threatening human security, global environmental change has become a new challenge to the national security and the societal development. The challenges of global environmental change to national security could act into two ways, one is related to the global environmental problems directly, and the other appears by the means of conflicts in international affairs. As a developing country that has the most population in the world, China faces great challenges coming from global environmental change in the process of the fast economic development and the peaceful rise. The research on human dimension of global environmental change in China should pay much more attention to the important environmental change issues that may have great impacts on the national security of China, to the scientific assessment of the vulnerabilities of the natural and social-economic system of China to the global environmental change impacts, and to the establishment of the national risk governance system, so as to make contribution to sustainable development and construction of harmonious society of China.