Alien invasive species are becoming more and more pervasive throughout the world, which have caused severe social, economic and ecological problems. These species are devastating structure and function of ecosystems, destroying integrity of natural ecosystems, accelerating extinction of species, and increasing the loss of biodiversity. China also faces the urging problems of the alien species invasions; for the time being, there are 283 alien invasive species in total, which have caused great economic problems. By a rough estimation, the economic losses amount to 144.8 hundred million US dollars per year in China. Considering the current conditions of alien invasive species problems and their research development in the Scientific Communities of China and the world, the following phenomena and problems were put forward as priority research and development fields of invasive biology in this paper. They are the further studies on the theory of invasion mechanism, process and ecological effects; the development of alien species database and establishment of earlywarning system; the effects of alien species invasion on the food web structure, the species biodiversity and the functions of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem.