Marine eolian deposition is a cross subject among marine sedimentation, paleoclimate and paleoceanography, and it’s important in the research of paleoclimate, paleoenvironment and modern environment. This paper summarized the international research progress of marine eolian deposition in the past 20 years and put emphases on the progress of methods and theory, especially the application of chemical isolation of quartz minerals from bulk samples of marine sediment and the understanding of the paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea. Therehas been mach discussion about the connection between eolian flux and the aridity of the eolian source region, eolian grain size and wind intensity, and about the complex nonlinear relation among eolian parameters, paleoclimate, glaciation cycles, and Milankovitch orbital forcing. The eolian flux records in the deep-sea show the humid environments at the time of Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene in the South America and East Asia and the significant phased increasing of Asian continental aridity degree since the late Miocene along with the expanding of northern hemisphere glacier. The consistency between flux record of marine eolian, deep-sea δ¹⁸O records, and magnetic susceptibility of loess and interbedded soils indicates that it may be possible to link continental paleoclimatic records to marine records of similar resolution through marine eolian records. In comparison with eolian flux, the grain-size of eolian component varied with higher frequency and its dominant periodicities is 23 ka. The intensity of atmospheric circulation reflected by grain-size of eolian deposition denotes the independent atmosphere circulation of southern and northern hemisphere, and the evolution of west wind and intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). At last some existent problems at present and prospect in the field of marine eolian deposition were put forward.