A fragile base of the natural resources and environment of China, the largest developing country in the world, can be characterized as compared with others. An analysis result of the national security of natural resource and environment by 10 selected countries with a population over 100 million in the world shows that China is in the place just ahead of Japan, but quite far behind all the eight others. More seriously, China will have to face greater and greater pressures on its weakened natural resources and environment base when a growing population and a rising living standard continue in the next 20 to 50 years. Obviously, China will needs to readjust its development policy if the country really does not want to ruin its weakened natural resources and environmental base totally. This paper, therefore, suggests that the paramount task for the country's sustainable development in the future should be to reconstruct its policy structure with a pronounced target of stabilizing and improving its weakened natural resources and environmental base. For such a purpose, a proposed model can be described as the following: 
   To concrete the natural resources and environmental base=a severe population control x (improving the production efficiency through intensified resource processing + reconstructing the nation's sustainable capacity through increasing scientific and technological inputs + expanding the nation's material base through international trade + enforcing the commonwealth's consciousness on the national security of the national resources and environment through education).