There are more than 340 sites excavated over many years of archaeological excavation, providing exceptional materials for the environmental archaeological study on the human-earth study in the Yangtze delta region. This paper aims to summarize the past research in environmental archaeological aspect in the study region, and at the same time, provides some problems needing further study.
    Taihu lake,esp. its formation and evolution, receives much attention from academic circle for its important role in regional economic development and ecological environment. Many researches indicate that, Taihu lake region is the continental environment suitable for human settlement since the Holocene epoch. Taihu lake and its neighboring lakes come into being during the historic time. Large amounts of Neolithic sites, relics and wells excavated on the bottom of the Taihu Lake suggest that the time of complete formation of Taihu lake is earlier that 2~3 ka BP.After the termination of the Last Glaciation Age(LGA), the sea-level in the Yangtze delta is on increase, and during about 7~6.5 ka BP, the sea-level reaches the greatest range, nearing to the sea-level of today. Sea-level changes, water surface of lakes, flooding events play an important role in rise and fall of human civilization in the Yangtze Delta region. Archaeological excavation and environmental archaeological study indicate that the cultural interruption in the sections of Neolithic sites are mostly the results of frequently-occurring flooding events and extreme climatic events in the study region.The environmental archaeological study afterwards in this region would focus on the multi-proxy research, high-resolution study and also comparison study performed on the archaeological sections and natural sections. Some new methods like GIS, RS, and modeling also should be applied in the human-earth study. Another, much attention should be paid on the temporal and spatial evolution of modern environmental evolution.