Advances in Earth Science ›› 2003, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2): 198-206. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.02.0198

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A DISTRIBUTED DAILY RUNOFF MODEL OF INLAND RIVER MOUNTAINOUS BASIN

Chen Rensheng 1,2,Kang Ersi 1,Yang Jianping 1,Zhang Jishi 1   

  1. 1.Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2.RS and GIS Institute,Peking University, Beijing 100871,China
  • Received:2002-04-03 Revised:2002-10-15 Online:2003-04-10 Published:2003-04-01

Chen Rensheng,Kang Ersi,Yang Jianping,Zhang Jishi. A DISTRIBUTED DAILY RUNOFF MODEL OF INLAND RIVER MOUNTAINOUS BASIN[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2003, 18(2): 198-206.

Distributed hydrological model has been studied worldwide, while rarely used in basin scale, because it requires too many parameters and too many hydrologic data, meteorological data, soil data, vegetation data etc. The water resource is very deficient in inland river basin of Northwest China, and the runoff from mountainous basin basically represents the water resources amount of the inland arid region. In order to simulate and predict the runoff from mountainous watershed of the inland river basin, to predict the futuristic runoff under the global warming, and to answer the ecohydrologic effects of vegetations, in this paper, the author want to use the routine hydrometeorologic data to create a distributed model, coupled with GIS and RS techniques and data. The model takes sub-basin as the minimal confluent unit, divides the main soil of the basin into 3 layers, and divides the vegetation type as forest and pasture. Because there is little data required by the standard distributed model, this model gives some conceptual parameters. The data used in the model are precipitation, air temperature, runoff data, soil weight water content, soil depth, soil bulk density, soil porosity, vegetation cover etc. The model defines and introduces some concepts: soil volume water content, soil water content capacity, soil water amount, and hold that if the water amount is more than the water content capacity, there will be surface runoff. The actual evaporation is proportional tothe product of the potential evaporation and soil volume water content, and for different soil type and different vegetation type, the model give a different parameter. The studied basin is Heihe mainstream mountainous basin, with a drainage area 10 009 km2, with only 8 precipitation stations, 5 air temperature and 6 evaporation stations. The model simulates the runoff variation well, while the amount is not so well. The reason is that, there are too little hydrometeorologic stations in or near the basin, while the daily precipitation varies randomly. The author use several area daily precipitation methods, however, none of which works. At present there is no suitable method to calculate the whole basin precipitation using rare station data. Therefore, one way is to add the observed stations, to create new calculation method, and to use new way to observe precipitation. It goes without saying, the model could not be used presently. However, from this numerical experiment, the modelers can get some experiences.

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