Basalt have importance meanings on deduce the Earth's mantle material composition, analysis  tectonic environment and the geosphere deep dynamics research. The paper based on synthesize domestic and  foreign's study achievement about basalt, systematical review basalt research history, present condition about basalt formation contributing factor and it's magma source area quality, uses the  basalt  to distinguish the Earth's mantle type, the connection basaltic magma's evolution and continent dynamics, and  uses the basalt to distinguish tectonic environment. Set forth the question on study basalt,put forward the orientation about research and develop on study basalt for the future,and ought to play an important role in study continent dynamics.