In this paper, the importance of soil moisture in the studies of climatic change and global change is described according to the development of soil moisture study, and in the light of the scientific background, two important scientific problems and present situation in these studies are reviewed. The results indicate that the absent of observational data is an important factor limiting the study of the relationship between soil moisture and related para meterization scheme is also one of the key project in climate model study.Finally, we have some probable perspectives and suggest a few problem in the study of soil moisture in future.