Today, the ecological deterioration is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. From the view of sustainable development, this paper mainly discussed the relationship between economic development and environmental deterioration. On the basis of estimating the ecological deterioration in the form of currency value, this can raise mass conscious level about eco-environmental environmental conditions and provide policymaker with macroscopic scientific basis. Water and water related ecological deterioration in Zhangye Prefecture in Heihe valley was adapted as a case.