It is of great significance to conduct intensive study on the oases scattered in the arid deserts in China as special and comprehensive regional units. Desert oases are the optimum areas in arid desert, which is the would-be bases for our future economic development. It Is terribly urgent to construct and rehabilitate me desert oases as China’s economic development emphasis is shifted to the northwest of China. It must consider the desert oases as the beginning point and regional development bases, regards the regional economy, population, resources and environment as a whole system to develop and rehabilitate the arid desert oases. Therefore the study of desert oases should place emphasis on the optimum regulation of population, resources and environment, including resource bearing capacity and environment loading analysis; regulation of population, resources and environment for sustainable development; optimization of population economy and resource environment.