In this paper,the position and role of the studies on climate system dynamics and climate prediction in Earth sciences are discussed from climate and environmental changes and their impacts on agricultural and industrial productions and human life, and it is pointed out that climate system dynamics and climate prediction are a important forward research topic of atmospheric sciences. Moreover, the object and main contents of the studies on climate system dynamics and climate prediction are also discussed from climate system and interaction between various subsystem in the system. Besides, the approach and method to be taken in the studies on climate system dynamics and climate prediction are pointed out from the tendency and characteristics of the development of current climate and environmental sciences.