Recent progress in climatological studies for the period of 1980’s and early 1990’s were reviewed.The following problems were discussed :(1) Climate variabilitied in the 20th century .Inter-decadal variabilities and abrupt change of climate were emphasized;(2)Simulation and prediction of ENSO.The results of a series of models were compared each other. Distinguishing feature of ENSO in early 1990’s was studied;(3)ENSO and monsoon. The important role of summer monsoon in evolution of ENSO cycle was indicated;(4)Climate predictability . Results of monthly and seasonal prediction and simulation with observed external forcing were reviewed; (5)Analysis of factors responsible for climatic change.Uncertainties of greenhouse effect and role of solar activity and volcanism were examined.