收稿日期: 2006-10-11
修回日期: 2006-10-29
网络出版日期: 2006-12-15
基金资助
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“青藏高原环境变化及其对全球变化的响应与适应对策”(编号：2005CB422003)；国家自然科学基金项目“西藏高原能量水循环降雨共同观测研究”（编号：40520140126）；“青藏高原纳木错地区近地层能量交换及环流变化观测研究”（编号：40675012）共同资助.
The Study on the Land Surface Heat Fluxes over Heterogeneous Landscape of the Tibetan Plateau
Received date: 2006-10-11
Revised date: 2006-10-29
Online published: 2006-12-15
“全球能量水循环之亚洲季风青藏高原试验研究”（GAME/Tibet）和“全球协调加强观测计划（CEOP）亚澳季风之青藏高原试验研究”（CAMP/Tibet）的加强期观测和长期观测已经进行了9年多,并且已取得了大量的珍贵资料。首先介绍了GAME/Tibet 和CAMP/Tibet 试验的情况,并利用观测资料给出了局地能量分布（日变化和月际变化）特征。复杂地表区域能量通量研究是青藏高原地气相互作用研究中的重中之重。卫星遥感的应用成为解决这一问题，即实现GAME/Tibet和CAMP/Tibet试验主要初衷的必不可少的手段。利用卫星遥感观测（Landsat-7 ETM）资料结合地面观测的方法,计算得到了相关地区非均匀地表区域上的地表温度、地表反射率、标准化差值植被指数(NDVI)、校准的调整土壤植被指数（MSAVI）、植被覆盖度和叶面指数(LAI)及能量平衡各分量（净辐射通量、土壤热通量、感热和潜热通量）的分布图像，所得结果基本可信。为了得到整个青藏高原复杂地表的热通量分布，中国科学院青藏高原研究所正在与其他研究单位一起建立青藏高原地表和大气过程监测系统（MORP）。最后介绍了该监测计划和已建立的3个综合观测研究站及如何利用建立的台站把站点观测的热通量推广到整个青藏高原的途径。
关键词： 青藏高原; GAME/Tibet; CAMP/Tibet; 局地能量分布; 区域能量分布
马耀明 , 王介民 , M.Menenti , 苏中波5 , 马伟强 , 石川裕彦 , 胡泽勇 , 姚檀栋 . 青藏高原复杂地表能量通量研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006 , 21(12) : 1215 -1223 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.12.1215
The exchange of heat fluxes between land surface and atmosphere over the Tibetan plateau area plays an important role in the Asian monsoon system, which in turn is a major component of both the energy and water cycles of the global climate system. It was also regarded as the main task in the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment) Asian Monsoon Experiment on the Tibetan plateau (GAME/Tibet, 1996-2000) and CEOP (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period) Asia-Australia Monsoon Project (CAMP) on the Tibetan plateau (CAMP/Tibet, 2001-2006). Firstly, the field experiments of the GAME/Tibet and the CAMP/Tibet are introduced and some results on the local energy partitioning (the diurnal variations and intermonthly variations of radiation energy budget and land surface energy budget) are presented in this study.
The study of the regional distribution of land surface heat fluxes of paramount importance over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau is also one of the main scientific objectives of the GAME/Tibet and the CAMP/Tibet. Therefore, the regional distributions and their inter-monthly variations of surface heat fluxes (net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) are also presented here by combining five Landsat-7 ETM images with the field observations. The derived results were validated by using the “ground truth”, and it shows that the derived regional distributions and their inter-monthly variations of land surface heat fluxes are reasonable.
In order to upscale the land surface heat fluxes to the whole Tibetan Plateau area, the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is establishing a monitoring and Research Platform (MORP) for land surface and atmospheric processes on the Tibetan plateau. The establishing and monitoring plan of longterm scale (5-10 years) of the MORP, three new comprehensive observation and study stations (Mt. Qomolangma?Mt. Everest, Nam Cuo and Linzhi) and the up-scaling way were also introduced in this paper.
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