综述与评述

氮氧同位素在河流硝酸盐研究中的应用

  • 贾国东 ,
  • 陈法锦 ,
  • 李学辉
展开
  • 1.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广东 广州 510640;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100039;3.神华乌海煤焦化有限责任公司项目研发中心,内蒙古 乌海 016000
陈法锦(1981-),男,广东湛江人,博士研究生,主要从事生物地球化学研究.E-mail:chenfj04@yahoo.com

收稿日期: 2007-07-14

  修回日期: 2007-11-30

  网络出版日期: 2007-12-10

基金资助

广东省自然科学基金项目“珠江水体中硝酸盐的氮氧同位素研究”(编号:04002136)资助.

The Application of Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in the Study of Nitrate in Rivers

Expand
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; 2.Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;3.Project Research and Development Center,Wuhai Coal Coking Corporation Limited of ShenHua Group,Wuhai 016000,China

Received date: 2007-07-14

  Revised date: 2007-11-30

  Online published: 2007-12-10

摘要

多年来,世界各地河流普遍存在硝酸盐污染问题。为控制河流的硝酸盐污染,确定河水中硝酸盐的来源以及研究氮的循环过程就显得尤为重要。由于在不同成因下,硝酸盐的δ15N和δ18O存在着较大差异,因此利用氮、氧同位素方法研究河流硝酸盐问题正日益受到国内外研究人员的重视。综述了用硝酸盐中氮、氧同位素来研究河流硝酸盐的不同来源(大气沉降、化肥、牲畜粪、土壤硝酸盐等)和示踪其地球化学循环过程,特别是反硝化过程,这两方面的研究进展,并对我国河流硝酸盐研究现状进行了讨论及提出今后的研究方向。 

本文引用格式

贾国东 , 陈法锦 , 李学辉 . 氮氧同位素在河流硝酸盐研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007 , 22(12) : 1251 -1257 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.12.1251

Abstract

Nitrate pollution has become a serious problem for many years in many rivers of the world. Differentiation of various nitrate sources and knowledge of nitrogen cycling processes occurring in river systems are very important to establish suitable methods for controlling nitrate pollution. Since δ15N and δ18O values vary in different sources of nitrate, more and more researchers attach great importance to the application of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in riverine nitrate studies. This review summarizes recent trends in the study of distinguishing different sources of nitrate (atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, animal waste, nitrification in soils, etc.) and tracing nitrogen cycling processes, especially denitrification, in river systems by the means of isotope analysis of nitrate. The review also gives a discussion on the study of nitrate in Chinese rivers and proposes some prospects for further studies.

Key words: N isotope; River; Nitrate; O isotope

参考文献

[1]Tu Jianbo, Wang Baodong. Biogeochemical studies on nutrient elements in the Changjiang estuary[J]. Advances in Marine Science,2006,24(4):532-538.[屠建波,王保栋. 长江口及其邻近海域富营养化状况评价[J].海洋科学进展,2006,24 (4):532-538.]
[2]Huang Xiaoping, Huang Liangmin.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphorus in Zhujiang estuary[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2002, 21(4):416-421.[黄小平,黄良民. 珠江口海域无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量的时空变化特征[J]. 台湾海峡, 2002, 21(4):416-421.]
[3]Alexander R B, Smith R A, Schwarz G E. Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico[J]. Nature, 2000, 403: 758-761.
[4]Rabalais N N, Turner R E, Justic D. Nutrient changes in the Mississippi river and system responses on the adjacent continental shelf[J]. Estuaries,1996, 199(2): 386-407.
[5]Bremmer J M.Isotope-ratio analysis of nitrogen in nitrogen-15 tracer investigations[C]//Black C A,ed.Methods of Soil Analysis.Agronomy,1965:256-1 286.
[6]Bremmer J M, Edwards A P. Determination and isotope-ratio analysis of different forlns of nitrogen in soils:I. apparatus and procedure for distillation and determination of ammonium[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1965, 29: 504-507.
[7]Kendall C,Grim E. Combustion tube method for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios using calcium oxide for total removal of carbon dioxide and water[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1990, 62: 526-529.
[8]Velinsky D J,Cifuentes L A,Pennock J R,et al. Determination of the isotope composition of ammonium-nitrogen at the abundance level from estuarine waters[J].Marine Chemistry,1989, 26: 351-361.
[9]MacKown C T,Brooks P D,Smith M S. Diffusion of nitrogen-15 Kjeldahl digests for isotope analysis[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1987,51: 87-90.
[10]Sigman D M,Ahabet M A,Michener R,et al. Natural abundance-level measurement of the nitrogen isotopic composition of oceanic nitrate:An adaptation of the ammonia diffusion method [J]. Marine Chemistry,1997, 57: 227-242.
[11]Vanden Heuvel R M , Giamalva J A. Comparison of Steam-Distillation Apparati and Glassware Cleaning Procedures for Reduction of Nitrogen-15 Cross-Contamination [J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1988, 52 :424 -428.
[12]Silva S R, Kendall C, Wilkison D H, et al. A  new method for collection of nitrate from fresh water and analyis of the nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios[J].Hydrology,2000, 228: 22-36.
[13]Amberger A, Schmidt H L. Naturliche Isotopengehalte von Nitrat als Indikatoren fur dessen Herkunft[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987, 51:2 699-2 705.
[14]Wassenaar L I.Evaluation of the origin and fate of nitrate in the Abbotsford aquifer using the isotopes of 15N and 18O in NO3[J].Applied  Geochemistry,1995,10:391-405.
[15]Feast N A, Dennis P F. A comparison of methods for nitrogen isotope analysis of groundwater[J]. Chemical Geology,1996, 129: 167-171.
[16]Caaciotti K L,Sigman D M,Galanter H M,et al. Measurement of the oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate in seawater and freshwater using the denitrifier method[J].Analytical Chemistry,2002, 74: 4 905-4 912.
[17]Sigman D M,Casciotti K L,Andreani M, et al. A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater[J].Analytical Chemistry,2001, 73: 4 145-4 153.
[18]Fogel M L,Cifuentes L A. Isotope fractionation during primary production[J].Organic Geochemistry. Plenum,1993:73-98.
[19]Holland H D, Turekian K K. Treatise on geochemistry [M]. Oxford: Elsevier-pergamon,2003,5:348-349.
[20]Kendall C. Tracing nitrogen sources and cycling in catchments[C]//Kendall C,McDonnell J J.Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science B.V,1998:519-576.
[21]Kohl D H, Shearer G B. Fertilizer nitrogen: contribution  to  nitrat in Surface water in a corn belt watershed[J]. Science,1971,174:1 331-1 334.
[22]Aravena R, Evans M L, Cherry J A. Stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in source identification of nitrate from septic systems[J].Ground Water,1993, 31: 180-186. 
[23]Heaton T H E. Isotopic studies of nitrogen pollution in the hydrosphere and atmosphere: A review[J].Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section),1986, 59: 87-102. 
[24]Kendall C, Campbell D H, Burns D A, et al.Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using the oxygen and nitrogen isotopic compositions of nitrate[J].Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-covered Catchments,1995,228:339-347. 
[25]Wassenaar L I. Evaluation of the origin and fate of nitrate in the Abbotsford aquifer using the isotopes of 15N and 18O in NO3[J].Applied Geochemistry,1995,10: 391-405. 
[26]Voerkelius S, Schmidt H L. Natural oxygen and nitrogen isotope abundance of compounds involved in denitrification: Mitteilungen der Deu[J].Bodenkundlichen Gesselschaft,1990,60:364-366.
[27]Durka W, Schulze E D, Gebauer G, et al. Effects of forest decline on uptake and leaching of deposited nitrate determined from 15N and 18O measurements[J].Nature,1994,372:765-767.
[28]Kendall C, Bums D A, Campbell D H,et al. Role of atmospheric nitrate in forested catchments (in review).
[29]Kendall C. Tracing nitrogen sources and cycling in catchments[C]//Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology,2007:519-576.
[30]Kreitler C W. Determining the source of nitrate in ground water by nitrogen isotope studies[R]. Bureau of Economic Geology,University of Taxas at Austin. Report of Investigation, 1975, 83: 25- 57.
[31]Donald H, Campbell. Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed:Determination using δ15N and δ18O[J].Water Resources Research,2002,38(5):1-9.
[32]Silva S R, Ging P B, Lee R W, et al. Forensic applications of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in tracing nitrate sources in urban environments[J].Environmental Forensics,2002,3:125-130.
[33]Ging P B , Lee R W, Silva S R. Water chemistry of Shoal Creek and Waller Creek, Austin Texas,and potential sources of nitrate, US[R]. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 96-4167, 1996:1-24.
[34]Battaglin W A, Kendall C,Chang C C Y, et al. Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi river,1997-1998[J].Hydrological Processes,2001,15:1 285-1 300.
[35]Chang C C Y, Kendall C, Silva S R,et al. Nitrate stable isotopes:Tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River basin[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2002,59:1 874-1 885.
[36]William A, Battaglin, Kendall C,et al. Isotopic and chemical composition of inorganic and organic water-quality samples from the Mississippi River basin, 1997–98[R].Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4095, US Geological Survey, 2001:1-62.
[37]Sebilo M, Billen G, Grably M,et al. Isotopic composition of nitrate-nitrogen as a marker of riparian and benthic dinitrification at the scale of the whole Seine river system[J].Biogeochemistry,2003, 63: 35-51.
[38]Marott A, Ladreau A, Simon, B. N isotope biogeochemistr and natural denitrfication process in groundwater: Application to the chalk aquifer of nortern France[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1988,52: 1869-1878.
[39]Hubner H. Isotope effects of nitrogen in the soil and biosphere[C]//Friti P, Fontes J C, eds. Amsterdam Elsevier Science,1986,2:361-425.
[40]Böttcher J, Strebel O, Voerkelius S,et al.Using isotope fractionation of nitrate-nitrogen and nitrate-oxygen for evaluation of microbial denitrification in a sandy aquifer[J].Hydrology,1990, 114: 413-424.
[41]Aravena R,Robertson W D. Use of multiple isotopetracers to evaluate denitrification in groundwater:Case study of nitrate from a large-flux septic system plume[J].Ground Water,1998,36:975-982.
[42]Christensen P B, Nielsen L P, Revsbech N P,et al. Microzonation of denitrification activity in stream sediments as studied with a combined oxygen and nitrous oxide microsensor[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1989,55: 1 234-1 241.
[43]Hill A R, Devito K J, Campagnolo S,et al. Subsurface denitrification in a forest riparian zone: Interactions between hydrology and supplies of nitrate and organic carbon[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,51: 193-223.
[44]Devito K J, Fitzgerald D, Hill A R,et al. Nitrate dynamics in relation to lithology and hydrologic flow path in a river riparian zone[J]. Journal of  Environmental Quality,2000,29: 1 075-1 084.
[45]Howarth R W, Billen G, Swaney D, et al. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences[J]. Biogeochemistry,1996, 35: 75-139.
[46]Billen G, Garnier J. Nitrogen transfers through the Seine drainage network: A budget based on the application of the‘RIVERSTRAHLER’ model[J].Hydrobiologia,1999, 410: 139-150.
[47]Mariotti  A, Landreau A, Simon  B. N isotope biogeochemistry and natural denitrifieation process in groundwater:Application to the chalk aquifer of northern France[J].Geochemical et Cosmochemica Acta,1988,52:1 869-1 878.
[48]Kellman L M , Hillaire-Marcel C.Evaluation of nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate contamination sources in an agricultural watershed agriculture[J]. Ecosystems and Environment,2003, 95: 87-102.
[49]Samuel V P, Keith C H, Hackley W R, et al. Isotopic evidence of nitrate sources and denitrification in the Mississippi River,Illinois[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2006,35:495-504.
[50]Boyer E W, Goodale C L, Jaworski N A,et al. Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern USA[J]. Biochemistry,2002, 57/58: 137-169.
[51]Mayer B, Boyer E W, Goodale C,et al. Source of nitrate in rivers draining sixteen watersheds in the northeastern US[J].Isotopic Constraints.Biogeochemistry,2002, 57/58: 171-197.
[52]Zhou Aiguo, Cai Hesheng, Liu Cunfu. A new analytical technique of isotope 15N and 18O in NO3 and the development in N contaminative study of groundwater[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2001,20(4):94-98.[周爱国,蔡鹤生,刘存富.硝酸盐中δ15N和δ18O的测试新技术及其在地下水氮污染防治研究中的进展[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(4):94-98.]
[53]Xiao Huayun, Liu Congqiang, Li Siliang. Geochemical characteristics of sulfur and nitrogen isotopic compositions in rains of Guiyang in summer [J].Geochimica,2003,32(3):248-254.[肖化云,刘丛强,李思亮,贵阳地区夏季雨水硫和氮同位素地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2003,32(3):248-254.]
[54]Shen Zhiliang, Liu Qun, Zhang Shumei, et al. A nitrogen budget of the Changjiang river catchment [J]. Ambio-A Journal of the Human Environment,2003,32(1):65-69.[沈志良,刘群,张淑美,等.长江流域的氮收支[J].人类环境杂志,2003,32(1):65-69.]
[55]Shen Zhiliang , Liu Qun. The dominant controlling factors of high content inorganic N in the Changjiang river and its mouth[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(5):465-473. [沈志良,刘群.长江和长江口高含量无机氮的主要控制因素[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(5):465-473.]

文章导航

/