地球科学进展

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2025 , Vol. 40 >Issue 9: 890 - 901

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.075

综述与评述

炭屑形态研究进展及其在古火研究中的应用

  • 郑海诚 ,
  • 崔巧玉 ,
  • 陈建徽
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  • 1.兰州大学 资源环境学院，西部环境教育部重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所，陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室，北京 100101
郑海诚，主要从事古火—植被—气候演化关系研究. E-mail: zhenghch2024@lzu.edu.cn
崔巧玉，主要从事古生态、古气候研究. E-mail: qiaoyu.cui@igsnrr.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2025-05-27

  修回日期: 2025-07-19

  网络出版日期: 2025-08-31

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42271169)

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Charcoal Morphology as a Proxy for Paleofire Reconstruction: A Review of Advances and Applications

  • Haicheng ZHENG ,
  • Qiaoyu CUI ,
  • Jianhui CHEN
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  • 1.Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
ZHENG Haicheng, research areas include paleofire-vegetation-climate evolution relationship. E-mail: zhenghch2024@lzu.edu.cn
CUI Qiaoyu, research areas include palaeoeclogy and palaeoclimate. E-mail: qiaoyu.cui@igsnrr.ac.cn

Received date: 2025-05-27

  Revised date: 2025-07-19

  Online published: 2025-08-31

Supported by

the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271169)

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摘要

火作为地球生态系统重要组分，与气候、植被及人类活动相互作用，深刻影响着生态环境和人类发展。开展古火研究有助于揭示火与气候及人类活动的演变机制，为应对极端气候事件中增加的野火风险提供理论指导。炭屑作为火活动的直接代用指标，其形态特征为解析燃料来源、火灾类型及火—环境互馈机制提供了关键信息。通过系统综述已有炭屑形态相关研究获得以下主要认识：①模拟燃烧实验表明，不同类型植物产生的炭屑形态（形态特征、形态参数等）存在显著差异，炭屑长宽比是区分燃烧植被类型的有效指标；进一步综合分析模拟燃烧试验数据发现，草本植物燃烧产生的炭屑长宽比明显大于其他类型植被燃烧产生的炭屑，且实验产生的草本植物炭屑的长宽比普遍大于3.0~3.5。②虽然沉积物中炭屑形态会受燃烧时温度、后期搬运和保存过程的影响，但是经历磨损后的草本、木本植物的炭屑长宽比仍存在差异。建议未来研究优化模拟燃烧、搬运实验，以贴近自然火条件，进而验证炭屑形态参数分类标准的适用性；依据当地植被的燃烧实验数据，选择炭屑区分标准以增加重建燃烧植被的准确性；结合孢粉、植硅体和稳定碳同位素等指标，进一步区分燃烧植被类型，理解气候—植被—火演化机制。

关键词： 炭屑长宽比; 火活动; 可燃植被类型; 气候

本文引用格式

郑海诚 , 崔巧玉 , 陈建徽 . 炭屑形态研究进展及其在古火研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2025 , 40(9) : 890 -901 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.075

Abstract

Fire, an integral component of the Earth’s ecosystem, interacts closely with climate, vegetation, and human activities, profoundly influencing ecological environments and societal development. Paleofire research enhances our understanding of the complex relationships among fire, climate, and human activities, providing critical insights for addressing increasing wildfire risks under extreme climate events. Charcoal particles, as direct proxies for palaeofire activity, offer critical information through their morphological characteristics for reconstructing fuel sources, fire types, and fire environment feedback mechanisms. This review synthesizes current research on charcoal morphology and summarizes key findings. Simulated combustion experiments reveal significant morphological differences (shape characteristics and parameters) in charcoal particles derived from distinct fuel types (e.g., woody vs. herbaceous vegetation), with the Length-to-Width ration (L/W) proving effective for distinguishing vegetation types. Comprehensive analysis of simulated combustion data shows that charcoal from herbaceous plants exhibits a significantly larger ratio compared to charcoal from other vegetation types, with herbaceous charcoal typically exceeding ratios of 3~3.5. Although post-depositional processes and combustion temperatures may alter charcoal morphology, the L/W ratio remains a robust indicator for vegetation type identification. Thus, charcoal morphology provides a methodological approach for inferring fuel and fire types. Future efforts should focus on refining experimental protocols that simulate natural fire conditions, quantifying taphonomic biases, and integrating charcoal morphology with other paleoenvironmental proxies (e.g., pollen and stable carbon isotopes) to refine vegetation-fire-climate relationship reconstructions.

Key words： Length-to-Width ratio; Fire activity; Fuel type; Climate.

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