城市隧道（地铁）开挖引起的地表建筑物破坏事故频发，学术界对此开展了深入研究。但 针对深埋隧道开挖是否会引起地表建筑物破坏的案例与系统研究均较为稀缺。近年来，在黄土高 原西南部某隧道施工过程中，位于其上方210 m的自然村建筑物发生了多处变形、开裂等破坏现 象。为探明建筑物开裂与隧道施工的相关性及建筑物开裂机理，对研究区建筑物裂缝进行了现场 测绘和统计，使用高密度电法，对研究区地层结构和地下水迁移等情况进行探查。结果显示：①建 筑物变形、开裂与隧道开挖呈现出高度的时空一致性，裂缝主要分布在隧道中轴线3 倍隧洞直径范 围内；②物探结果表明，当隧道围岩稳定性较差时，深埋隧道开挖过程中的震（振）动会破坏地下岩 土体原生结构，形成地下水下渗通道并引起地下水位下降。饱和黄土失水固结，在建筑物荷载作 用下产生不均匀沉降，是导致地表建筑物的开裂破坏的根本原因。此外，在相同条件下，相比砖混 结构建筑物，土木结构建筑物对隧道施工的响应更为强烈，发育裂缝数量更多、宽度更大。

Abstract：Urban tunnel excavation has caused frequent incidents of surface building damage, which has attracted interests from the academic community. However, there lacks case studies of surface building damage caused by deep tunnel excavation. Therefore, it is imperative to study the impacting mechanism of deep tunnel construction on surface buildings in the vicinity, the building response modes, and formulate measures for protecting surface buildings. In recent years, excessive deformations, cracks and other damage occurred in the buildings of a village in the southwest of the Loess Plateau, below which a tunnel was constructed at a depth of 210 m. Taking this tunnel as an example, the paper explores the impact of tunnel construction on surface buildings through on-site investigations, surveying and mapping, mathematical statistics, geophysical exploration, and model analysis. Crack mapping and statistical results show that building deformation, cracking and tunnel excavation exhibit a high spatiotemporal consistency. Temporally, the occurrence and development of building cracks are almost synchronous with deep tunnel construction, and crack development lags slightly behind. Spatially, the degree of development of building cracks, building settlement, and the displacement vector of building cracks are all closely related to the tunnel. Building cracks mainly develop within three times the tunnel diameter on either side of the tunnel axes in the plane. Building type has a significant impact on the response to tunnel construction which unengineered civil structures are more sensitive to tunnel construction than masonryconcrete structures, and are more prone to severe damage. The geophysical survey results indicated that when the surrounding rock stability was poor, the vibration during deep tunnel excavation would damage the original structure of the rock and soil mass, forming a channel for underground water infiltration, and leading the groundwater table drop rapidly. Saturated loess lost water and consolidated unevenly under building loads, which was the fundamental cause of ground surface building cracking. To avoid surface building cracking induced by deep tunnel construction, it is necessary to conduct detailed engineering geological exploration before tunnel construction to identify engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, develop a reasonable construction excavation and support and underground water seepage prevention plan. It is also important to conduct long-term safety monitoring of surface buildings.